chapter 8 Allergies

Question 1

allergy

Answer 1

defined as immunoglobuin E (IgE) mediated hypersensitivity to an antigen. type 1 hypersensitivity reactions include allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, food allergies, and systemic anaphylaxis

Question 2

in allergic rhinitis, allergens bind to IgE on mast cells on nasal mucosa of a sensitized individual. causing

Answer 2

mast cells to degranulate, releasing chemical mediators such as histamines, leukotrienes, and bradykinins, which cause vasodilation, fluid transudation, and swelling.

Question 3

symptoms of allergic rhinitis include

Answer 3

runny nose (rhinorrhea), sneezing, nasal congestion, conjunctivitis, and itching of the ears, eyes, nose, and throat.

nonproductive cough, nasal congestion with headaches, plugged or itchy ears, diminished smell and taste, or sleep disturbances may all be symptoms of allergies.

Question 4

diagnostic evaluation:

Answer 4

eosinophils found on microscopic examination of nasal smears are characteristic of allergic rhinitis. (poor sensitivity tho).

radioallergosorbent test (RAST) test tests the blood for presence of igE to diffrent allergens. test is sensitive but not specific.

Question 5

if no allergens are identified and patient continues to have symptoms,

Answer 5

flexible nasolaryngoscopy may be performed to r/o anatomic or pathologic abnormalities.