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Chemistry > Chapter 8: Acid and Bases > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Acid and Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an acid

A

A substance that produces hydrogen ions, H+, in aqueous solution.

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2
Q

Organic acids, inorganic acids

A

Most strong acids are inorganic acids.
Weak acids are usually organic acids.

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3
Q

What is the role of acids of water

A

Acids only display their acidic properties when dissolved in water. This is because acids produce hydrogen ions, H+ only in water. It is the hydrogen ions that give acids their chemical and physical properties.

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4
Q

What is the role of acids of water

A

Acids only display their acidic properties when dissolved in water. This is because acids produce hydrogen ions, H+ only in water. It is the hydrogen ions that give acids their chemical and physical properties.

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5
Q

What are the four properties of acid

A

-sour taste
-good conductor of electricity
-turn moist blue litmus paper red
-pH<7

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6
Q

Explain why HCl gas cannot conduct electricity but once the gas is dissolved in water, the aqueous solution can conduct electricity.

A

Hydrogen chloride gas is a poor conductor of electricity. It has hydrogen chloride molecules which are electrically neutral, and are freely moving.

Dilute hydrochloric acid is a good conductor of electricity. The hydrogen ions and chloride ions in dilute hydrochloric acid are freely moving hence these ions can move throughout the substance and act as charge carriers.

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7
Q

What is basicity?

A

Number of hydrogen ions produced when 1 molecule of acid ionised in aqueous solution.

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8
Q

What are examples of monobasic acids

A

-HCl
-HNO3
-CH3COOH ethanoic acid

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9
Q

What are examples of dibasic acids

A

-H2SO4
-H2CO3 cabornic acid

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10
Q

What are examples of tribasic acids

A

-H3PO4 phosphate acid

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11
Q

What is the strength of acid

A

The extent of ionisation of acid molecules to produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution.

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12
Q

What is a strong acid

A

A substance which ionise completely to produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution

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13
Q

What is a weak acid

A

A substance which ionise partially to produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution

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14
Q

What are examples of strong acid

A

-HCl
-HNO3
-H2SO4

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15
Q

What are examples of weak acid

A

-H2CO3
-CH3COOH
-H3PO4

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16
Q

What happens when acids react with metal

A

acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen

17
Q

What happens when acids react with bases/ alkalis

A

acid + base/ alkali -> salt + water

18
Q

What happens when acids react with carbonates

A

acid + carbonate -> salt + carbon dioxide

19
Q

What are the non-reactive metals to acids

A

lead, copper, gold, silver, mercury, platinum

20
Q

What is a base

A

A base is any metal oxide or hydroxide. They contain either the oxide ion (O2-) or the hydroxide ion (OH-).

21
Q

What happens when bases reacts with acids

A

base + acid -> salt + hydrogen

22
Q

What is an alkali

A

Alkalis are bases that are soluble in water.

23
Q

What are the 5 alkalis

A

-NaOH
-KOH
-Ba(OH)2
-Ca(OH)2
-NH4OH

24
Q

What is a strong alkali

A

A strong alkali completely ionises to produce hydroxide ions, OH-, in aqueous solution.

25
Q

What is a weak alkali

A

A weak alkali partially ionises to produce hydroxide ions, OH-, in aqueous solution.

26
Q

What is an example of a strong alkali

A

-NaOH
-KOH
-Ba(OH)2
-Ca(OH)2

27
Q

What is an example of a weak alkali

A

-NH4OH

28
Q

What are the physical properties of alkalis

A

-bitter taste
-feel soapy
-turn moist red litmus paper blue
-pH>7

29
Q

What happens when alkalis react with acids

A

alkali + acid -> salt + water

30
Q

What is neutralisation reaction

A

In a neutralisation reaction, the hydrogen ion, H+, from the acid and the hydroxide, OH-, from the alkali react to form water.

31
Q

What happens when alkalis react with solid ammonium salt

A

alkali + solid ammonium salt -> salt + ammonia gas + water

32
Q

What happens when alkali reacts with solution of one metal

A

Switch the position of the metals.

33
Q

What is MgO used for

A

used as an antacid for relieving gastric pain

34
Q

What is NaOH and KOH used for

A

Preparation of soap

35
Q

What is another name for NaOH and KOH

A

-caustic soda
-caustic potash

36
Q

What is Ca(OH)2

A

Slaked lime, used to reduce acidity in soil

37
Q

What is CaO

A

Quicklime

38
Q

What is ammonium solution used for

A

Used to make fertiliser

39
Q

How can we control the acidity of the soil

A

Chemicals are often added to the soil to adjust its pH. Soil that is too acidic can be treated with base such as quicklime and slaked lime. This is known ‘liming’ the soil. The bases react with the acids in the soil and raise the pH, so the plants can grow healthily. However, adding too much base will make the soil too alkaline and unsuitable for plant health.

Chemistry (3 decks)

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