Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Racial Profiling

A

The practice of suspecting that someone has committed a crime based on his or her race

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2
Q

race

A

Social category based on real or perceived biological differences between groups of people

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3
Q

ethnicity

A

Social category that is applied to a group with a shared ancestry or cultural heritage

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4
Q

symbolic ethnicity

A

enactments of ethnic identity that occur only on special occasions
ethnic identity that is only relevant on specific occasions and does not significantly impact everyday life.

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5
Q

minority

A

a group that’s smaller in number than the majority group
people who are recognized as belonging to a social category and who suffer from unequal treatment as a result of that status

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6
Q

prejudice

A

literally a ‘prejudgment’ is an inflexible attitude (usually negative, although it can work in the reverse) about a particular group pf people that is rooted in generalizations or stereotypes

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7
Q

discrimination

A

an action or behavior that results in the unequal treatment of individuals because of their racial or ethnic group

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8
Q

timid bigots

A

that a person can be prejudiced and still not discriminate against others

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9
Q

implicit bias

A

attitudes or stereotypes that are embedded at an unconscious level and may influence our perceptions, decisions, and actions

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10
Q

individual discrimination

A

discrimination carried out by one person against another

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11
Q

institutional discrimination

A

discrimination carried out systematically by institutions (political, economic, educational, and others) that affects all members of a group who come into contact with it

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12
Q

white nationalism

A

the belief that the nation should be built around a white identity that is reflected in religion, politics, economics, and culture

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13
Q

privilege

A

unearned advantage accorded to members of dominant social groups (males, whites, heterosexuals, the physically able, etc.)

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14
Q

race consciousness

A

an ideology that acknowledges race as a powerful social construct that shapes our individual and social experiences

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15
Q

microaggressions

A

everyday uses of subtle verbal and nonverbal communications that convey denigrating or dismissive messages to members of certain social groups

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16
Q

cultural appropriation

A

the adoption of cultural elements belonging to an oppressed group by members of the dominant group, without permission and often for the dominant group’s gain

17
Q

reverse racism

A

the claim by whites that they suffer discrimination based upon their race and. therefore, experience social disadvantages

18
Q

antiracist allies

A

whites and others working toward the goal of ending racial injustice

19
Q

ethnocentrism

A

the belief that one’s own culture and way of life are right and normal

20
Q

conflict theory

A

focuses on the struggle for power and control

21
Q

Edna Bonacich

A

argued that racism is partly driven by economic competition and the struggle over scarce resources

22
Q

split labor market

A

in which one group of workers (usually defined by race, ethnicity, or gender) is routinely paid less than those in other groups, keeps wages low for racial and ethnic minorities, compounding the effects of racism with those of poverty

23
Q

critical race theory

A
  • outgrowth of conflict theory
  • racism permeates our social institutions, especially our judicial system, and must be recognized and addressed as such
  • focus on intersectionality
  • encourages the inclusion of narratives from a multitude of intersecting voices and viewpoints
24
Q

intersectionality

A
  • taking into account how race is also modified by class, gender, sexuality, and other social statuses
25
Q

symbolic interactionists

A
  • focus on how we perceive and interpret race in everyday life, looking at the meanings and ideas we hold and how this helps to produce and perpetuate real-world consequences
26
Q

situational ethnicity

A

an ethnic identity that can be either displayed or concealed, depending on its usefulness in a given situation.

27
Q

racial passing

A

living as if one is a member of a different racial category

28
Q

double-consciousness

A

W.E.B. DuBois’s term for the divided identity experienced by blacks in the United States

29
Q

embodied identity

A

the way we are perceived in the physical world

those elements of identity that are generated through others’ perceptions of our physical traits

30
Q

miscegenation

A

the romantic, sexual, or marital relationships between people of different races

31
Q

genocide

A

the deliberate and systematic extermination of a racial, ethnic, national, or cultural group

32
Q

population transfer

A

the forcible removal of a group of people from the territory they have occupied

33
Q

internal colonialism

A

describes the exploitation of a minority group within the dominant group’s own borders

34
Q

segregation

A

separation of groups by race or ethnicity

35
Q

assimilation

A

a minority group is absorbed into the dominant group

36
Q

racial assimilation

A

having children with the dominant group until the different races are completely mixed

37
Q

cultural assimilation

A

which members learn the cultural practices of the dominant group

38
Q

pluralism

A
  • permits racial and ethnic variation within one society
  • encourages people to embrace diversity as a positive feature of society
  • tolerance of racial and ethnic differences
  • a cultural pattern of intergroup relations that encourages racial and ethnic variation and acceptance within a society