chapter 8 Flashcards
1
Q
mózg
A
cerebrum
2
Q
kora mózgowa
A
cerebral cortex
3
Q
podwzgórze
A
hypothalamus
4
Q
rdzen kregowy
A
spindal cord
5
Q
łuk odruchowy
A
reflex arc
6
Q
obwodowy sn
A
peipheral nervous system
7
Q
płaty mózgowe
A
cerebral lobes
8
Q
móżdżek
A
cerebellum
9
Q
hipokamp
A
hippocampus
10
Q
półklue mózgowe
A
cerebral hemispheres
11
Q
the organs of the central nervous system
A
the brain: cerebrum, brainstem (pien mozgu), cerebellum
spinal cord
12
Q
Peripheral nervous system is made of
A
nerves
neural ganglia
13
Q
name three meninges
A
dura-mater - twarda
arachnoid
pia-mater
14
Q
cells which support, feed and insulate (electrically) the neurons
A
glial cells
15
Q
cells that receiving and transmitting the neural impulses
A
neurons
16
Q
parts of neuron
A
dendrites
the cell body
axon
17
Q
sth which are projections of the plasma membrane that recieve the neural impulses from other neurons
A
dendrites
18
Q
sth where the nucleus and the main cellular organelles are located
A
the cell body
19
Q
a long membranous projection that transmits the neural impulses at distance to other neurons, muscle cells and other effector cells
A
the axon
20
Q
sth which is axon-containing structrure comprising many of them and covered by connective tissue
A
nerves
21
Q
name a few kind of nerves
A
the one with sensosy axons - sensory nerves
the one with motor axons - motor nerves
the one with both - mixed nerves
22
Q
sth that enclose and protect the central nervous system CNS
A
meninges
23
Q
sth that separates the three layers that form the meninges
A
cerebrospinal fluid
24
Q
sth that has three functions: nutrient transport, defence and mechanical protection of the cns.
A
cerebrospinal fluid
25
sth that fills and protects the cavities of the brain and the spinal cord
cerebrospinal fluid
26
the cerebrum is divided into dwo
cerebral hemispheres
27
each XXX is made of 4 YYY
| name them!
```
cerebral hemispheres
cerebral lobes
parietal ciemieniowy
frontal
temporal skroniowy
occipital potyliczny
```
28
The outter portion of a brainn, made of neural bodies
| another name:
gray matter
| cerebral cortex
29
The inner portion of a brain
white matter
| made of axons
30
Brainstam is made of:
medulla
pons most
midbrain srodmozg
31
sth that continues down through the trunk to facilitate the neural integration of the whole body
the spinal cord
32
can be voluntary or involuntary
the efferent reactions
33
it is controlled by a person's will
efferent reacion, type voluntary
34
it is not consciously controlled
efferent reacion, type involuntary
35
it is divided into sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic
the autonomic nervous system
36
ganglion
zwoj nerwowy
37
the structure through which neural impulses pass from one cell to another
the synapse
38
what is synapse composed by?
presynaptic membrane in the terminal portion of the axon
the synaptic cleft = synaptic space
the postsynaptic membrane in the dendrite of the receptor cell
39
information about the conditions of the external and internal environment are collected by...
specific neural structures called sensory receptors
40
a cleft
a gap, fissure, cerviCE
41
kręgowce
vertebrates
42
the ability to make cnocious choices and decisions
volition
43
sth that protrudes
a projection
44
zdrętwiały
numb
45
rozszerzać np naczynie
to dilate (dajlejt)
46
skurczać np mięsień
to contract
47
muscle skeletal or cardiac ...
striated
48
to make sth easy
to facilitate
49
cranium...brain
encloses
50
neurons are...by a protective myelin sheath
insulated
51
wydłuża
extend
52
to precipitate
to cause
53
wieloogniskowy
multifocal
54
nakłucie lędźwiowe
spinal tap, lumbar puncture
55
impaired
damaged
56
to void
to pass water, to urinate
57
to choke on something
udławić się, zadławić
58
tinnitus
ringing in the ears
59
dexterity
manual dexterity
| fingertip dexterity
60
tubal ligation
podwiązanie jajników
61
atheromatous
miażdżycowy
62
artheroma
miażdżyca
63
płytka miażdżycowa
PLAQUE atheromatous
64
a lesion
pathological change
65
the weakness experienced after a surgery, procedure, disease
residual weakness
66
double vision
diplopia
67
dizziness
vertigo
68
facial droop
paraliz mordy
69
weakness on one side of the body
hemiparesis
70
a neck that is not stiff and can bend easily
supple neck
71
lymphadenopathy
disease of the lymph nodes
72
transparent structure found at the very front of the eye that helps to focus incoming light
cornea - rogówka
73
a colored, ring-shaped membrane
iris - tęczówka
74
adjustable circular opening in iris
pupil - źrenica
75
a clear fluid that fills the space between the cornea and iris
aqueous humor
76
situated behind the pupil, colorless
lens soczewka
77
muscles surround the lens
ciliary muscles
78
the interior chamber of the eyeball is filled with a jelly-like tissue called
the vitreous humor
| ciało szkliste
79
the sensitive layer of a cells
in the eye
retina
| siatkówka
80
the outermost layer; it gives most of the eyeball color
sclera
| twardówka
81
the middle layer between retina and sclera
choroid
| naczyniówka
82
embedded
osadzony
83
pręciki
rods
84
czopki
cones
85
good for monochrome vision in poor light
rods
86
sths used for color and for the detection of fine detail
cones
87
dołek środkowy, plamka żółta
FOVEA
88
nerw wzrokowy
optic nerve
89
płatek ucha
LOBULE, EAR LOBE
90
przewody półkoliste
semicircular canals
91
otwór owalny
round window
92
strzemiączko
the stapes
| the stirrup
93
trąbka austachiusza, sluchowa
eustachian tube
94
malzowina uszna
pinna, auricle
95
nerw słuchowy
cochlear nerve
96
kowadełko
incus, anvil
97
błona bębenkowa
tympanic membrane, eardrum
98
nerw przedsionkowy
vestibular nerve
99
młoteczek
malleus, hammer
100
ślimak
cochlea
101
przewód słuchowy zewnętrzny
external auditory meatus
| ear canal
102
lend an ear
nasłuchiwać
103
watch sb closely
keep an eye on sb
104
to improvise
to play by ear
105
an eyeful
kobieta, na którą miło popatrzeć , np dobra doopa
106
ear-spliting
An ear-splitting sound is so loud or high that it hurts your ears:
an ear-splitting explosion
107
be out on your ear
to be forced to leave a job or place, especially because you have done something wrong
108
be out on your ear
to be forced to leave a job or place, especially because you have done something wrong
109
catch sb's eye
to get someone's attention, especially by looking at them:
110
see eye to eye
If two people see eye to eye, they agree with each other:
| My sisters don't see eye to eye with me about the arrangements.
111
an eyesore
szkarada, brzydactwo, straszydło, coś szpetnego
112
dalekowzroczność
hyperopia
113
dalekowzroczność
hyperopia
| farsightedness
114
a condition in which the middle ear (= the central part of the ear, behind the eardrum, through which sound travels) becomes swollen and painful:
otitis media
| zapalenie ucha srodkowego
115
a disease in which an area of someone's eye becomes less clear so that they cannot see clearly, or the area affected in this way
cataract
| zaćma
116
the condition of having eyes that look in different directions from each other, caused by a weakness of the eye muscles:
strabismus
117
the condition of having eyes that look in different directions from each other, caused by a weakness of the eye muscles:
strabismus
cross-eyes
squint
118
krótkowzrocznosc
myopia
119
krótkowzrocznosc
myopia
| shortsightedness
120
a condition in which the passage of the outer ear (= the part of the ear that can be seen on the side of the head) becomes swollen and painful:
otitis externa
| = swimmer's ear
121
a condition of the ear in which the person suffering from it hears noises such as ringing
tinnitus
122
a painful infection of the eyes that makes them red and makes the eyelids swollen and sticky
conjunctivitis
zapalenie spojowek
pink eye
123
jęczmień
hordeolum
| stye
124
zapalenie wyrostka sutkowatego
mastoiditis
125
endocrine glands
```
interstitial spaces (localization)
hormones diffuse into capillares
```
126
exocrine glands
flow to the exterior surface
127
krwiobieg
bloodstream
128
organ docelowy
target organ
129
an organ near the penis in male mammals that produces a liquid that mixes with and carries sperm:
prostate gland
130
one of the glands that produce saliva and release it into the mouth
salivary gland
131
one of a pair of glands that produce adrenalin, found just above the kidneys
adrenal gland
| nadnercza
132
an organ in a woman's breast that produces milk to feed a baby, or a similar organ in a female animal
mammar gland\
| sutkowy gruczoł
133
an organ in the body that produces insulin (= a chemical substance that controls the amount of sugar in the blood) and substances that help to digest food so that it can be used by the body
pancreas
| trzustka
134
a gland (= an organ) in the front of the neck that is involved in controlling the way the body develops and works
thyroid
135
one of the small organs under the skin that produce sweat
sweat gland
136
a small organ at the base of the brain that controls the growth and activity of the body by producing hormones
pituitary gland
| przysadka
137
either of the pair of organs in a woman's body that produce eggs, or the part of any female animal or plant that produces eggs or seeds
ovary
138
an organ in the brain that produces a hormone called melatonin:
pineal body
| szyszynka
139
jądro
| jądra
a testicle
a testis
testes
140
a very small organ in the skin that produces sebum
sebaceous gland
| gruczoł łojowy
141
he first part of the bowels just below the stomach
duodenum
| dwunastnica
142
a large organ in the body that cleans the blood and produces bile, or this organ from an animal used as meat
liver
143
have a bun in the oven
to be pregnant
144
to be xxx weeks gone
to be xxx weeks pregnant
145
have the painters in
mieć okres
146
to be in the family way
to be pregnant
147
to have a red tide
to menstruate
