Chapter 8

Question 1

federal bureaucracy

Answer 1

The thousands of federal government agencies and institutions that implement and administer federal laws and programs.

The federal bureaucracy is free of political accountability.

Question 2

Max Weber

Answer 2

German sociologist active in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who articulated the hierarchical structure and near-mechanical functioning of bureaucracies in complex societies.

Max Weber believed bureaucracy involved trained professionals who control a system of administration.

Question 3

spoils system

Answer 3

The firing of public-office holders of a defeated political party to replace them with loyalists of the newly elected party.

The spoils systems is used to get those who are loyal supporters into the public office.

Question 4

patronage

Answer 4

Jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support.

One example of patronage is the exchange of money for their support.

Question 5

merit system

Answer 5

A system of employment based on qualifications, test scores, and ability, rather than party loyalty.

The merit system rely more on if you can do the job not if you are loyal.

Question 6

Pendleton Act

Answer 6

Reform measure that established the principle of federal employment on the basis of open, competitive exams and created the Civil Service Commission.

The Pendleton Act used the merit system when involved in federal jobs.

Question 7

civil service system

Answer 7

The merit system by which many federal bureaucrats are selected.

The civil service system uses competitive exams or qualifications.

Question 8

Sixteenth Amendment

Answer 8

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax.

The Sixteenth Amendment helps with the support of agencies.

Question 9

World War I

Answer 9

A global military conflict that took place from 1914-1918 across Europe and its overseas territories. The United States militarily intervened from 1917-1918.

World War I has a decrease in harvest, prices, construction, and banking.

Question 10

Great Depression

Answer 10

A severe global economic downturn marked by mass unemployment and poverty that began in the United States in 1929 and persisted to some degree until th end of the 1930s.

The Great Depression was a plummet in U.S. economics.

Question 11

World War II

Answer 11

A global military conflict that took place from 1939-1945 in Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Pacific region. The United States was formally involved in the war from 1941-1945.

In World War II men went to war and women took the place of the men at jobs.

Question 12

G.I. (Government Issue) Bill

Answer 12

Federal legislation enacted in 1944 that provided college loans for returning veterans and reduced mortgage rates to enable them to buy homes.

The G.I. Bill is educational assistance for veterans.

Question 13

Great Society

Answer 13

Reform program begun in 1964 by President Lyndon B. Johnson that was a broad attempt to combat poverty and discrimination through urban renewal, education reform, and unemployment relief.

Great Society was social welfare programs.

Question 14

Department of Homeland Security

Answer 14

Cabinet department created after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks to coordinate domestic security efforts.

In the Department of Homeland Security one agency is TSA.

Question 15

Cabinet departments

Answer 15

Major administrative units with responsibility for a broad area of government operations. Department status usually indicates a permanent national interest in a particular governmental function, such as defense, commerce, or agriculture.

Mike Pence is head of all Cabinet departments.

Question 16

independent executive agencies

Answer 16

Governmental units that closely resemble a Cabinet department but have narrower areas of responsibility and perform services rather than regulatory functions.

The Central Intelligence Agency is an example of a independent executive agency.

Question 17

independent regulatory commission

Answer 17

An entity created by Congress outside a major executive department that regulates a specified interest or economic activity.

The Consumer Product Safety Commission is an example of a independent regulatory commission.

Question 18

government corporations

Answer 18

Businesses established by Congress to perform functions that private businesses could provide, such as the U.S. Postal Service and Amtrak. Often established when the financial incentives for private industry to provide services are minimal.

An example of the government corporations is the Legal Services Corporation.

Question 19

Hatch Act

Answer 19

The 1939 act to prohibit civil servants from taking activist roles in partisan campaigns. This act prohibited federal employees from making political contributions, working for a particular party, or campaigning for a particular candidate.

The Hatch Act was later liberalized.

Question 20

implementation

Answer 20

The process by which a law or policy is put into operation.

The implementation is used to set guidelines for agencies.

Question 21

iron triangles

Answer 21

The relatively ironclad relationships and patterns of interaction that occur among agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees.

The iron triangles is how different groups interact with each other.

Question 22

issue networks

Answer 22

The loose and informal relationships that exist among a large number of actors who work in broad policy areas.

Issue networks have changing members.

Question 23

interagency councils

Answer 23

Working groups created to facilitate coordination of policy making and implementation across a host of governmental agencies.

There was a interagency council for the 9/11 attack.

Question 24

policy coordinating committees(PCCs)

Answer 24

Committees created at the sub-Cabinet level to facilitate interactions between agencies and departments to handle complex policy problems.

In the policy coordinating committees include the involvement of other agencies.

Question 25

administrative discretion

Answer 25

The ability of bureaucrats to make choices concerning the best way to implement congressional or executive intentions.

The administrative discretion give them more freedom for decisions.

Question 26

rule making

Answer 26

A quasi-legislative process resulting in regulations that have the characteristics of a legislative act.

An agency can take part in rule making.

Question 27

regulations

Answer 27

Rules governing the operation of all government programs that have the force of law.

Regulations are adopted in departments and agencies.

Question 28

Federal Register

Answer 28

The official journal of the U.S. government, including all federal rules and public notices so that citizens and organization can follow proposed changes and comply with rule changes.

The Federal Register include the time, place, and nature of rule-making.

Question 29

administrative adjuducation

Answer 29

A quasi-judicial process in which a bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties similar to the way courts resolve disputes.

The administrative adjudication may involve law judges.