Chapter 8

Question 0

Somatotopically organized and crossed

Answer 0

Left hemisphere= right side of body

Question 1

Primary motor cortex

Answer 1

Executes all voluntary movements of the body

Question 2

Frontal lobes & action summary

Answer 2

M1: executing action

FEF: eye movements

PFC: response selection, willed action

Lat.Premotor: prep. Interact with objective

SMA: preparing internally generated actions

Question 3

Lateral & Medial Premotor Areas

Answer 3

Actions initiated by external cues (lateral premotor)
-Lateral premotor area important for linking action with objects in the environment

Vs.

Internally generated actions (medial premotor)

• also called the supplementary motor area (SMA)
• The SMA is involved in well-learned actions
• particularly action sequences that do not place strong demands on monitoring the environment

Question 4

Supplementary Motor Area (SMA)

Degrees of freedom problem

Answer 4

Computationally many ways to perform a specific action

This costs cognitive resources

Question 5

Supplementary Motor Area (SMA)

Motor Programs

Answer 5

Action routines are probably not created from scratch each time

Question 6

Prefrontal cortex (PFC)

Answer 6

Involved in action planning

Also infers goals and intentions from actions

Damage can make actions poorly organized

Question 7

Frontal eye fields (FEF)

Answer 7

Voluntary eye movements are not controlled by primary motor cortex

Eyes are controlled by the frontal eye movements

Eye movements guided by external cues

Question 8

Brain areas involved in action

Answer 8

Frontal lobe: planning actions, maintaining goals, executing

Parieto-frontal circuits: link action with current environment

Parietal lobes: locating objects in space, sensory-motor transformation

Temporal lobes: object recognition, object knowledge

Occipital lobe: visual analysis of sense

Subcortex (e.g. Basal ganglia): modulate force and likelihood of action

Subcortex (e.g. Cerebellum): coordination, precision