Chapter 8 Flashcards
Culture
Acculturation
A process of changing one’s culture by incorporating elements of another culture; a mutual sharing of culture.
Ethnocentrism
Considering one’s own culture as superior and judging culturally different practices (beliefs, values, and behavior), by the standards and norms of one’s culture.
Small Group
Two or more people who interact with each other because of shared interests, goals, experiences, or needs.
Economic
The social institution with primary responsibility for regulating the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
Ideology
Cultural- The dominant ideas within a culture about the way things are and should work, derived from a group’s social, economic, and political interests.
Personal- A particular body of ideas or outlook; a person’s specific worldview.
Social Welfare
The social institution in modern industrial societies that is concerned with allocating goods, services, and opportunities to enhance the social functioning of individuals and contribute to the social health of the society.
Social Class
A particular position in a societal structure of inequality.
Therapy Group
A formed group that uses an intensive group format to promote growth in its members and to assist its members in resolving emotional and behavioral problems.
Health Care
The social institution with primary responsibility for promoting the general health of a society.
Psycho-educational Group
A formed group focused on providing information and support concerning a particular problem are or issue; such groups usually meet over a short period of time.
Accomodation
Cultural- Process of partial or selective cultural change in which members of nondominant groups follow the norms, rules, and standards of the dominant culture only in specific circumstances and contexts.
Cognitive- The process of altering a schema when a new situation cannot be incorporated within an existing schema.
Bi-cultural Socialization
Process wherey members of nonmajority groups master both the dominant culture and their own culture.
Cultural Relativism
The position that behavior in a particular culture should not be judged by the standards of another culture.
Worldviews
A cognitive picture of the way things- nature, self society- actually are.
Culture of Poverty
A term coined by Oscar Lewis to describe the unique culture and ways of those who are impoverished; it has been used over time to look at impoverished people as having cultural deficits.
Structural Determinism
????? Determinism- A belief that persons are passive products of their sicrumstances, external foces, or internal urges.
Ethos
The moral and aesthetic tone, character, and quality of a people’s life; their underlying feeling toward themselves and the world.
Assimilation
Cognitive- In cognitive theory, the incorporation of new experiences into an existing schema.
Cultural- The process of change whereby individuals of one society or thnice group are culturally incorporated or absorved into another by adopting the patterns and norms of the host culture.
Postmodern/Postmodernism
A term used to descrive contemporary culture as a postindustrial culture in which people are connected across time and place through global electronic communications; emphasis is on the existence of different worldviews and concepts of reality.
Modernism/Modernization
Page 188- Based on scientific, industrial, and technological revolutions, has had an ongoing contentious relationship with religious perspctives and institutions since the beginning of the 17th century, when church authorities charged Galileo with heresy for stating that the earth revolved around the sun. Present-day examples include debates regarding evolution versus creationism.
Racism
Discriminatory thoughts, beliefs, and actions based on the assignment of an individual or group to a racial classification.
Self-Help Group
A formed group, which may or may not be professionally led, composed of persons who share a common life situation.
Race
A system of social identity based on biological markers such as skin color that influences economic, social, and political reasons.
Task Group
A group formed for the purpose of accomplishing a specific goal or objective.
Culture/Ideas/Values
Culture- Shared cognitive and emotional frames and lesnses that serve as the vases for an evolving map for living. It is constructed from the entire spectrum of human actions and the material circumstances of people in societies as they attempt to create order, meaning, and value.
Types of Teams
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Types of Leadership
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Types of Group Leaders
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Types of Group Development
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Globalization/Economic/Media
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Symbolic Interaction Theory
A theory stressing that we develop a sense of meaning in the world through interatcion with our physical and social environments and interpretation of symbols.
World Systems Theory
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Psycho-dynamic Theory
Psychodynamic Perspective- an approach that focuses on how internal processes motivate huma behavior.
Psychoanalytic Theory- A theory of human vvehavior and clinical intervention that ssumes the primacy of internal drives and unconscious mental activity in determining human behavior.
Exchange Theory
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Self-Categorization Theory
A theory of small gorups proposing tha tin the process of social identity development, we come to divide the world into in-groups (those to which we belong) and out-groups ( those to which we do not belong) and to be bieased toward in-groups.
Group Cohesiveness
A tendancy for a group to stick together and be unified in the pursuit of its objectives and the satisfaction of members’ emotional needs.
Natural Group
A group that occurs naturally, without external initiative, such as a gorup of peers or co-workers.
Time-Limited Group
A natural or formed group whose memvers or leader establish a certain length of time that they will meet as a group.
Closed Group
A natural or formed group that is open to certain persons and closed to others based on such characteristics as age, gender, geographic location, or type of provlem/issue; a natural or formed group that opens its memvership for a certain time period and then closes the group when the ideal number of members has been reached or the time period has elapsed.
Open Group
A natural or formed group that includes any person who would like to become a member; a natural or formed group that accepts persons who meet the group’s criteria after the group has begun and throughout its existence.
Formed Group
A group formed for a specific purpose, such as a group for substance abusers, a therapy group for women with eating disorders, or a self-help group for gamblers.
Socialization Group
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Mutual Aid Group
A formed group of persons who use the support, encouragement, and fedback form other personsi n the gorup to work on certain problems they have in common.
Hegomony
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Support
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Mass Media
In a democratic society, the social institution responsble for managing the flow of information, images, and ideas.
