Chapter 8

Question 1

A wrong against society proclaimed in a statute and, if committed, punishable by society through fines, imprisonment, or death.

Answer 1

Crime

Question 2

The standard of proof used in criminal cases.

Answer 2

Beyond Reasonable Doubt

Question 3

A crime - such as arson, murder, rape, or robbery - that carries the most severe sanctions, ranging from more than one year in a state or federal prison to the death penalty.

Answer 3

Felony

Question 4

A lesser crime than a felony, punishable by a fine or incarceration in jail for up to one year.

Answer 4

Misdemeanor

Question 5

The least serious kind of criminal offense, such as a traffic or building code violation.

Answer 5

Petty Offense

Question 6

A guilty (prohibited) act; one of the two essential elements required to establish criminal liability.

Answer 6

Actus Reus

Question 7

A wrongful mental state (guilty mind) or intent; one of the two essential elements required to establish criminal liability.

Answer 7

Mens Rea

Question 8

The act of forcefully and unlawfully taking personal property of any value from another.

Answer 8

Robbery

Question 9

The unlawful entry or breaking into a building with the intent to commit a felony.

Answer 9

Burglary

Question 10

The wrongful taking and carrying away of another person’s personal property with the intent to permanently deprive the over of the property.

Answer 10

Larceny

Question 11

The intentional burning of building.

Answer 11

Arson

Question 12

The fraudulent making or altering of any writing in a way that changes the legal rights and liabilities of another.

Answer 12

Forgery

Question 13

Nonviolent crime committed by individuals or corporations to obtain a personal or business advantage.

Answer 13

White Collar Crime

Question 14

The fraudulent appropriation of funds or other property by a person who was entrusted with the funds or property.

Answer 14

Embezzlement

Question 15

The purchase or sale of securities on the basis of information that has not been made available to the public.

Answer 15

Insider Trading

Question 16

Engaging in financial transactions to conceal the identity, source, or destination of illegally gained funds.

Answer 16

Money Laundering

Question 17

The legally recognized privilege to do what is reasonably necessary to protect oneself, one’s property, or someone else against injury by another.

Answer 17

Self Defense

Question 18

Unlawful pressure brought to bear on a person, causing the person to perform an act that she or he would not otherwise perform.

Answer 18

Duress

Question 19

A defense in which a defendant claims that they were induced by a public official to commit a crime that they would otherwise not have committed.

Answer 19

Entrapment

Question 20

Giving testimony in a trial or other legal proceeding that could expose the person testifying to criminal prosecution.

Answer 20

Self Incrimination

Question 21

The process by which a criminal defendant and the prosecutor work out an agreement to dispose of the criminal case, subject to court approval.

Answer 21

Plea Bargaining

Question 22

An order granted by a public authority, such as a judge, that authorizes law enforcement personnel to search particular premises or property.

Answer 22

Search Warrent

Question 23

Reasonable grounds for believing that a search should be conducted or that a person should be arrested.

Answer 23

Probable Cause

Question 24

The 5th Amendment requirement that prohibits a person from being tried twice for the same criminal offense.

Answer 24

Double Jeopardy

Question 25

A rule that prevents evidence that is obtained illegally or without a proper search warrant from being admissible in court.

Answer 25

Exclusionary Rule

Question 26

A formal charge by a grand jury that there is probable cause to believe that a named person has committed a crime.

Answer 26

Indictment

Question 27

A group of citizens who decide, after hearing the state’s evidence, whether a reasonable basis exists for believing that a crime has been committed and that a trial ought to be held.

Answer 27

Information

Question 28

Any violation of criminal law that involves knowledge of computer technology for its perpetration, investigation, or prosecution.

Answer 28

Computer Crime

Question 29

A crime that occurs in the online environment.

Answer 29

Cyber Crime

Question 30

Any misrepresentation knowingly made over the internet with the intention of deceiving another for the purpose of obtaining property of funds.

Answer 30

Cyber Fraud

Question 31

The illegal use of someone else’s personal information to access the victim’s financial resources.

Answer 31

Identity Theft

Question 32

A form of identity theft in which the perpetrator sends emails purporting to induce recipients to reveal their personal financial data, passwords, or other information.

Answer 32

Phishing

Question 33

A person who uses computers to gain unauthorized access.

Answer 33

Hacker

Question 34

A network of compromised computers connected to the internet that can be used to generate spam, relay viruses or cause servers to fail.

Answer 34

Botnet

Question 35

Malicious software programs, such a viruses and worms, that are designed to cause harm to a computer, network, or other device.

Answer 35

Malware

Question 36

A software program that automatically replicates itself over a network but does not alter files and is usually invisible to the user until it has consumed system resources.

Answer 36

Worm

Question 37

A software program that can replicate itself over a network and spread from one device to another altering files and interfering with normal operations.

Answer 37

Virus