Chapter 8

Question 1

Hypothalamus

Answer 1

complex structure near the lower center of the brain that has direct connections to many other parts of the brain and is involved in the production of psychologically important hormones; thought to be important for mood and motivation

Question 2

Hippocampus

Answer 2

complex structure deep within the brain, behind the hypothalamus, that plays an important role in memory processes

Question 3

cortex

Answer 3

outer layers of the brain

Question 4

neocortex

Answer 4

the outer layer of the cortex of the brain, regarded as uniquely human

Question 5

frontal cortex

Answer 5

the front part of the cortex of the brain. Divided left and right into the two prontal loves, this part of the brain is associated with cognitive functioning such as planning, foresight, and understanding.

Phineas Gage, lobotomy

Question 6

electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer 6

technique for measuring the brain’s electrical activity by placing electrode sensors on the outside of the scull.

Question 7

magnetoencephalography (MEG)

Answer 7

technique for using delicate magnetic sensors on the outside of the skull to detect brain activity

Question 8

positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer 8

technique for creating images of brain activity by injecting a radioactive tracer into the blood and then finding with a scanner where in the brain the blood is being metabolized

Question 9

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Answer 9

technique for imaging brain activity by using a powerful magnet to help detect blood flow int the brain

Question 10

ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)

Answer 10

part of the upper brain stem through which information flows into the brain and stimulates it

introversion and extroversion

Question 11

amygdala

Answer 11

structure located near the base of the brain that is believed to play a role in emotion, especially negative emotions such as anger and fear

Question 12

corpus callosum

Answer 12

thick bundle of nerve fibers connecting the right and left halves of the brain.

Question 13

anterior cingulate

Answer 13

front part of the cingulate, a brain structure that runs from the front to the back of the brain in the middle, just about the corpus callosum. believed to be important for the experience of normal emotion and self control

Question 14

neurons

Answer 14

cell of the nervous system that receives and transmits information

Question 15

neurotransmitters

Answer 15

chemicals that allow one neuron to affect or communicate with another.

Question 16

syanpse

Answer 16

space between two neurons across which impulses are carried by neurotransmitters

Question 17

hormones

Answer 17

biological chemical that affects parts of the body some distance from where it was produced

Question 18

central nervous system

Answer 18

brain and spinal cord

Question 19

peripheral nervous system

Answer 19

system of nerves running throughout the body, not including the brain and spinal cord

Question 20

endorphins

Answer 20

body’s own pain-killing chemicals which operate by blocking the transmission of pain messages to the brain.

Question 21

dopamine

Answer 21

neurotransmitter in the brain that plays an important role in positive emotions and response to reward

Question 22

serotonin

Answer 22

neurotransmitter within the brain that plays an important role in the regulation of emotion and motivation

Question 23

gonads

Answer 23

glands, testes in men and ovaries in women, that (among other effects) produce the sex hormones testosterone and estrogen

Question 24

adrenal cortex

Answer 24

outer layer of the adrenal gland, atop the kidneys, that secretes several behaviorally important hormones

Question 25

epinephrine

Answer 25

neurotransmitter in the brain and also a hormone that is released by the adrenal gland as apart of the body’s response to stress. aka adrenaline

Question 26

norepinephrine

Answer 26

importnat neurotransmitter in the brain that is associated with responses to stress; also called noradrenaline

Question 27

oxytocin

Answer 27

hormone that may have specific effects in women of emotional attachment and calming

Question 28

testosterone

Answer 28

male sex hormone

Question 29

estrogen

Answer 29

female sex hormone