chapter 8

Question 1

Emotion

Answer 1

• positive or negative experience that is associated with a particular pattern or physiological activity
• triggered by a physiological response

Question 2

James Lange Theory

Answer 2

• stimuli trigger activity in autonomic nervous system then produces emotional experience in the brain

Question 3

Slow path way

Answer 3

thalamus —> cortex —> amygdala

Question 4

Emotion Regulation

Answer 4

• cognitive/behavioral strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience

behavioral strategies (avoiding situations that trigger unwanted emotion )

cognitive strategies ( trying not to think about the cause of unwated emotion )

Question 5

Two factor theory

Answer 5

emotions are inferences about the causes of physiological arousal

Question 6

The facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 6

emotional expressions can cause emotional experiences they signify

Question 7

Zygomatic Major

Answer 7

contracts when smiling

Question 8

Emotional expression

Answer 8

an observable sign of an emotional state

Question 9

universality hypothesis

Answer 9

emotional expressions have the same meaning for everyone

Question 10

display rules

Answer 10

norms for the control of emotional expression

Question 11

fast pathway

Answer 11

thalamus—> amydala

Question 12

cannon bard theory

Answer 12

stimulus triggers activity in the autonomic nervous system and emotional experience in the brain at the same time

Question 13

amygdala

Answer 13

special role in producing emotions

Question 14

appraisal

Answer 14

an evaluation of the emotion-relevant aspects of a stimulus

Question 15

reappraisal

Answer 15

changing one’s emotional experience by changing the meaning of the emotion stimulus

Question 16

two dimensions

Answer 16

valence: how positive/negative experience is
arousal: how active/passive the experience

Question 17

Motivation

Answer 17

the purpose for or psychological cause of an action

Question 18

Hedonic principle

Answer 18

people are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain

Question 19

Instinct

Answer 19

natural tendency to seek a particular goal

Question 20

Drive

Answer 20

an internal state caused by physiological needs

Question 21

Marlow’s need

Answer 21

defferable need (top): need for self actualization
esteem needs
belongingness/love needs
safety/ security needs
Immediate needs (bottom): physiological needs

Question 22

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 22

a disorder by binge eating followed by purging

Question 23

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 23

a disorder by an intense fear of being fat

Question 24

Metabolism

Answer 24

the rate at which energy is used

Question 25

mortality salience hypothesis

Answer 25

a person is consciously thinking about his or her own death

Question 26

intrinsic motivation

Answer 26

you do something because you enjoy it or find it interesting

Question 27

extrinsic motivation

Answer 27

doing something to avoid negative consequences.

Question 28

conscious motivation

Answer 28

motivation at which people are aware

Question 29

unconscious motivation

Answer 29

motivations of which people are not aware

Question 30

need for achievements

Answer 30

motivation to solve worthwhile problems

Question 31

approach motivation

Answer 31

motivation to experience a positive outcome

Question 32

avoidance motivation

Answer 32

motivation not to be experience a negative outcome

Question 33

Orexgenic signals

Answer 33

• switch hunger on

ex: ghrelin- made in stomach

Question 34

Anorelgenic signals

Answer 34

• switch hunger off

ex: leptin- released by fat cells

Question 35

Hypothalamus

Answer 35

involved in hunger

Question 36

Lateral hypothalamus

Answer 36

orexigenic

Question 37

ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 37

anorexigenic