Chapter 8 Flashcards
Marbury v. Madison
First US Supreme Court decision to declare a federal law- the judiciary act of 1801- unconstitutional; president John Adams’s “midnight appointment” of federalist judges prompted the suit
Chief Justice John Marshall
During his long tenure as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, he established the foundations for American jurisprudence, the authority of the Supreme Court, and the constitutional supremacy of the national government over the states.
Barbary pirates
Plundering pirates off the Mediterranean coast of Africa; president Thomas Jeffersons refusal to pay them tribute to protect American ships sparked an undeclared naval war with North African nations. 1801-1805
Corps of discovery
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark led this group of men on an expedition of the newly purchased Louisiana territory, which took the, from Missouri to Oregon. As they traveled, they kept detailed journals and drew maps of the previously unexplored territory. Their reports attracted traders and trappers to the region and gave the United States a claim to the Oregon country by right of discovery and exploration.
Aaron Burr
Even though he was Thomas Jeffersons Vice President, he lost favor with Jeffersons supporters who were republicans. He sought to work with the federalists and run as their candidate for the governor of New York. Alexander Hamilton opposed Burr’s candidacy and his stinging remarks on the subject led to Burr challenging him to duel in which Hamilton was killed.
Impressment
The British navy used press-gangs to kidnap men in British and colonial ports who were then forced to serve in the British navy.
Tecumseh
He was a leader of the Shawnee tribe who tried to unite all Indians into a confederation that could defend their hunting grounds. He believed that no land cessions could be made without consent of all the tribes since they held the land in common. His beliefs and leadership made him seem dangerous to the American government and they waged war on him and his tribe. He was killed at the battle of Thames.
War Hawks
In 1811, congressional members from the southern and western districts who clamored for a war to seize Canada and Florida were dubbed “war hawks”
Andrew Jackson
As a major general in the Tennessee militia, he defeated the creek Indians, invaded the panhandle the Spanish Florida and won the battle of New Orleans. In 1818, his successful campaign against Spanish forces in Florida gave the United States the upper hand in negotiating for Florida and Spain.
Francis Scott Key
During the war of 1812, he watched British forces bombard Fort McHenry, but fail to take it. Seeing the American flag still flying over the fort at dawn inspired him to write the “Star Spangled Banner” which became the American national anthem.
Treaty of Ghent
The signing of this treaty in 1814 ended the war of 1812 without solving any of the disputes between Britain and the United States.
Hartford Convention
Meeting of New England federalists on December 15, 1814, to protest the war of 1812; proposed seven constitutional amendments (limiting embargoes and changing requirements for officeholding, declaration of war, and admissions of new states), but the war ended before congress could respond.
