Chapter 8 Flashcards
Language
An abstract cognitive system that uniquely allows humans to produce and comprehend meaningful utterances
First Language Acquisition
The process by which children acquire the lexicon and grammatical rules of their native language
Lexicon
A mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions
Bilingual mixed language
Language in which different aspects of linguistic structure derive from different languages
child directed speech
speech used by parents or caregivers when communicating with young children or infant
Innate
Determined by factors present at birth
Imitation theory
Child language acquisition theory that claims that children acquire language by listening to speech around them and reproducing what they here
Reinforcement theory
Theory of child language acquisition which says that children learn to speak like adults because they are praised, rewarded or reinforced when they use the right forms and are corrected when they use the wrong ones
universal grammar
The theory that posits a set of grammatical characteristics shared by all natural languages
Linguistic universals
Property believed to be held in common by all natural languages
Homesign
A rudimentary visual-gestural communication system that is developed and used by deaf children and their families when a signed language is not available for their communication
feral child
child who grew up in the wild without care by human adults, often with animals
neglected child
A child who is neglected by caretakers often resulting in significantly lower exposure to language as a child
pedography
writing system designed for learners as a stepping stone to the standard orthography
orthography
writing systems used for most purposes
rule
a formal statement of an observed generalization about patterns in language
sound symbolism
phenomenon by which certain sounds are evocative of particular meaning
source
In speech synthesis, the mechanism that creates a basic sound
onset
In a syllable, any consonant that occurs before the rhyme
open lexical category
lexical category into which new members are often introduced
oral stop
A stop made with the velum raised so that no air escapes through the nose
output
The linguistic form obtained after an application of a rule or a set of rules
babble
a phase in a child language acquisition during which the child produces meaningless sequences of consonants and vowels
backing
a type of sound in which a front sound becomes a back sound
bilabial
sound produced by bringing both lips together
bidialectal
Having mastery of two dialects
borrowing
process by which one language adopts words, phrases or grammatical structures from another language
coda
in a syllable any consonant in a rhyme
canned speech
prerecorded phrases and sentences
variegated babbling
production of meaningless consonant-vowel sequence by infants
one word stage
stage in first language acquisition during which children can produce only one word at a time
two word stage
stage in first language acquisition at which children produce two word utterance in addition to two word utterances
place of articulation
the place in the vocal tract where the constriction for the production of a speech sound is made
second language acquisition
acquisition of L2 as a teenager or adult after the critical period
critical period
age span from birth to onset of puberty, during which children must have exposure to language and must build the critical brain structure in order to gain native speaker competence
multilingual
The state of commanding 3 or more languages
phonology
The study of sound systems in a language
syntax
A component of mental grammar that deals with constructing phrasal expression out of smaller expressions
morphology
The study of how words are constructed out of morphemes
bilingual
State of commanding two languages
