Chapter 8

Question 0

Negative reinforcement

Answer 0

Increasing a behavior by taking away an aversive stimulus

Question 1

Positive reinforcement

Answer 1

Increasing behavior with a positive stimulus

Question 2

Primary reinforcers

Answer 2

One that satisfies a biological need

Question 3

Conditioned (secondary) reinforcers

Answer 3

One that has been paired with a primary reinforcer and has acquired value and reinforcement

Question 4

Positive punishment

Answer 4

Adding something unpleasant that decreases the likelihood the behavior will happen again

Question 5

Negative punishment

Answer 5

Withdraw a desirable stimulus to decreases the likelihood the behavior will be repeated

Question 6

Continuous reinforcement

Answer 6

Every time the desired behavior occurs, it is reinforced

Question 7

Fixed ratio schedules

Answer 7

Specific number of correct responses is required before reinforcements occur

Question 8

Variable ratio schedules

Answer 8

Unpredictable, number

Question 9

Fixed interval

Answer 9

Predicted, time

Question 10

Variable interval

Answer 10

Unpredictable, time

Question 11

Punishment

Answer 11

When an unpleasant consequence decreases the likelihood the behavior will be repeated

Question 12

Cognitive map

Answer 12

Making out where things are

Question 13

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 13

Doing it for you

Question 14

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 14

Doing it for a good grade

Question 15

Modeling

Answer 15

The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

Question 16

Albert bandura

Answer 16

Bobo doll

Question 17

Acquisition

Answer 17

Initial learning of the stimulus

Question 18

Discrimination

Answer 18

Distinguish between conditioned and irrelevant

Question 19

Shaping

Answer 19

Reinforced desired behavior (shape them how u want them)

Question 20

B F Skinner

Answer 20

Operant chamber, rats, influential and controversial

Question 21

Law of effect

Answer 21

Thorndike, favorable consequences

Question 22

Conditioned response (CR)

Answer 22

Salivary reflex, learning between tone and food

Question 23

Unconditioned stimulus (US)

Answer 23

Food that triggers salivary reflex

Question 24

Unconditional response (UR)

Answer 24

Food into mouth automatically triggers salivary reflexes

Question 25

Behaviorism

Answer 25

More mental

Question 26

John Garcia

Answer 26

Taste aversion, PHD

Question 27

Extinction

Answer 27

When it no longer signals an unconditional response

Question 28

Operant conditioning

Answer 28

Behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher

Question 29

Generalization

Answer 29

Respond similar to conditioned stimulus

Question 30

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 30

Suppressing not eliminating

Question 31

Conditional stimulus (CS)

Answer 31

A learned response

Question 32

Taste aversion

Answer 32

Bad experience less likely to eat again

Question 33

Responding behavior

Answer 33

Occurs as an automatic response to some stimuli

Question 34

Classical conditioning

Answer 34

Ivan pavlov, dog experiment

Question 35

Thorndike

Answer 35

Law of effect

Question 36

Operant behavior

Answer 36

Environment, consequences

Question 37

Learning

Answer 37

Relatively permanent response, change in an organisms behavior

Question 38

Associative learning

Answer 38

Linking 2 events