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Chapter 8 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

0
Q

Mechanical filtering process used to remove metabolic waste products from blood, draw off excess fluids, and regulate body chemistry when kidneys fail to function properly

A

Dialysis

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1
Q

Visual examination of the urinary bladder and urethra using a cytoscope (thin, tubelike instrument with a light and lens for viewing) inserted through the urethra

A

Cytoscopy

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2
Q

Solutions that conduct a electricity, such as acids, bases, and salts

A

Electrolytes

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3
Q

Examples of electrolytes

A

Sodium, potassium

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4
Q

The medical specialty associated with the urinary system

A

Urology

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5
Q

Specialize in diagnosis and management of kidney disease, kidney transplantation, and dialysis therapies

A

Nephrologists

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6
Q

A subspecialty of internal medicine

A

Nephrology

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7
Q

Cyst/o

A

Bladder

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8
Q

Glomerul/o

A

Glomerulus

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9
Q

Meat/o

A

Opening, meatus

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10
Q

Nephr/o

A

Kidney

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11
Q

Pyel/o

A

Renal pelvis

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12
Q

Ur/o

A

Urine, urinary tract

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13
Q

Ureter/o

A

Ureter

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14
Q

Urethr/o

A

Urethra

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15
Q

-ptosis

A

Prolapse, downward displacement

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16
Q

-uria

A

Urine

17
Q

Increase of nitrogenous substances, especially urea, in urine

A

Azoturia

18
Q

Increased formation and secretion of urine

A

Diuresis

19
Q

Kidney disease that has advanced to the point that the kidneys can no longer adequately filter blood and eventually requires dialysis or renal transplantation for survival; also called chronic renal failure (CRF)

A

End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

20
Q

Involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which bladder control should be established; also called night-time bed-wetting or nocturnal enuresis

A

Enuresis

21
Q

Abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the under-surface of the penis

A

Hypospadias

22
Q

Formation of stones, or calculi, in kidney that results when substances that are normally dissolved in the urine ( such as calcium and acid salts) solidify

A

Nephrolithiasis

23
Q

High blood pressure that results from kidney disease

A

Renal hypertension

24
Q

Elevated level of urea and other nitrigenous waste products in the blood; also called azotemia

A

Uremia

25
Q

Infection of the kidneys, ureters, or bladder by microorganisms that either ascend from the urethra or that spread to the kidney from the bloodstream

A

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

26
Q

Malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, usually before age 5, and includes such common esrly signs as hypertension, a palpable mass, pain, and hematuria

A

Wilms tumor

27
Q

Laboratory test that measures the amount urea ( nitrogenous waste products ) in the blood and demonstrates the kidneys ability to filter urea from the blood for excretion in urine

A

Blood urea nitrogen ( BUN )

28
Q

Radiographic examination to determine the location, size, shape, and possible malformation of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

A

Kidney, ureter, bladder ( KUB )

29
Q

Radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is injected intravenously and serial x-ray films are taken to provide visualization of the entire urinary tract; also called intravenous urography (IVU) or excretory urography (EU)

A

Intravenous pyelography (IVP)

30
Q

Radiographic imaging in which contrast medium is introduced through a cystoscope directly into the bladder and ureters to provide detailed visualization of the urinary structures and also to locate urinary tract obstruction

A

Retrograde pyelography (RP)

31
Q

Nuclear medicine imaging procedure that determines renal function and shape through measurement of a radioactive substance injected intravenously that concentrates in the kidney

A

Renal scan

32
Q

Physical, chemical, microscopic analysis of urine

A

Urinalysis (UA)

33
Q

Use of powerful sound wave vibrations to break up stones in the kidney

A

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)

34
Q

Surgical procedure that involves a small incision in the skin and insertion of the endoscope into the kidney to remove a renal calculus

A

Nephrolithotomy

35
Q

Organ transplant of kidney in a patient with end-stage renal disease; also called kidney transplantation

A

Renal transplantation

36
Q

Decrease spasms in the urethra and bladder ( caused by UTIs and catheterization ) by relaxing the smooth muscles lining their walls, thus allowing normal emptying of the bladder

A

Antispasmodics

37
Q

Block reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys, thereby increasing the amount of salt and water excreted in the urine ( causes reduction of fluid retained in the body and prevents edema )

A

Diuretics

38
Q

An excessive accumulation of urine in the renal pelvis due to obstruction or a ureter

A

Hydronephrosis

39
Q

ARF

A

Acute renal failure

Chapter 8 (3 decks)

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