Chapter 8

Question 0

Mechanical filtering process used to remove metabolic waste products from blood, draw off excess fluids, and regulate body chemistry when kidneys fail to function properly

Answer 0

Dialysis

Question 1

Visual examination of the urinary bladder and urethra using a cytoscope (thin, tubelike instrument with a light and lens for viewing) inserted through the urethra

Answer 1

Cytoscopy

Question 2

Solutions that conduct a electricity, such as acids, bases, and salts

Answer 2

Electrolytes

Question 3

Examples of electrolytes

Answer 3

Sodium, potassium

Question 4

The medical specialty associated with the urinary system

Answer 4

Urology

Question 5

Specialize in diagnosis and management of kidney disease, kidney transplantation, and dialysis therapies

Answer 5

Nephrologists

Question 6

A subspecialty of internal medicine

Answer 6

Nephrology

Question 7

Cyst/o

Answer 7

Bladder

Question 8

Glomerul/o

Answer 8

Glomerulus

Question 9

Meat/o

Answer 9

Opening, meatus

Question 10

Nephr/o

Answer 10

Kidney

Question 11

Pyel/o

Answer 11

Renal pelvis

Question 12

Ur/o

Answer 12

Urine, urinary tract

Question 13

Ureter/o

Answer 13

Ureter

Question 14

Urethr/o

Answer 14

Urethra

Question 15

-ptosis

Answer 15

Prolapse, downward displacement

Question 16

-uria

Answer 16

Urine

Question 17

Increase of nitrogenous substances, especially urea, in urine

Answer 17

Azoturia

Question 18

Increased formation and secretion of urine

Answer 18

Diuresis

Question 19

Kidney disease that has advanced to the point that the kidneys can no longer adequately filter blood and eventually requires dialysis or renal transplantation for survival; also called chronic renal failure (CRF)

Answer 19

End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

Question 20

Involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which bladder control should be established; also called night-time bed-wetting or nocturnal enuresis

Answer 20

Enuresis

Question 21

Abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the under-surface of the penis

Answer 21

Hypospadias

Question 22

Formation of stones, or calculi, in kidney that results when substances that are normally dissolved in the urine ( such as calcium and acid salts) solidify

Answer 22

Nephrolithiasis

Question 23

High blood pressure that results from kidney disease

Answer 23

Renal hypertension

Question 24

Elevated level of urea and other nitrigenous waste products in the blood; also called azotemia

Answer 24

Uremia

Question 25

Infection of the kidneys, ureters, or bladder by microorganisms that either ascend from the urethra or that spread to the kidney from the bloodstream

Answer 25

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Question 26

Malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, usually before age 5, and includes such common esrly signs as hypertension, a palpable mass, pain, and hematuria

Answer 26

Wilms tumor

Question 27

Laboratory test that measures the amount urea ( nitrogenous waste products ) in the blood and demonstrates the kidneys ability to filter urea from the blood for excretion in urine

Answer 27

Blood urea nitrogen ( BUN )

Question 28

Radiographic examination to determine the location, size, shape, and possible malformation of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

Answer 28

Kidney, ureter, bladder ( KUB )

Question 29

Radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is injected intravenously and serial x-ray films are taken to provide visualization of the entire urinary tract; also called intravenous urography (IVU) or excretory urography (EU)

Answer 29

Intravenous pyelography (IVP)

Question 30

Radiographic imaging in which contrast medium is introduced through a cystoscope directly into the bladder and ureters to provide detailed visualization of the urinary structures and also to locate urinary tract obstruction

Answer 30

Retrograde pyelography (RP)

Question 31

Nuclear medicine imaging procedure that determines renal function and shape through measurement of a radioactive substance injected intravenously that concentrates in the kidney

Answer 31

Renal scan

Question 32

Physical, chemical, microscopic analysis of urine

Answer 32

Urinalysis (UA)

Question 33

Use of powerful sound wave vibrations to break up stones in the kidney

Answer 33

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Question 34

Surgical procedure that involves a small incision in the skin and insertion of the endoscope into the kidney to remove a renal calculus

Answer 34

Nephrolithotomy

Question 35

Organ transplant of kidney in a patient with end-stage renal disease; also called kidney transplantation

Answer 35

Renal transplantation

Question 36

Decrease spasms in the urethra and bladder ( caused by UTIs and catheterization ) by relaxing the smooth muscles lining their walls, thus allowing normal emptying of the bladder

Answer 36

Antispasmodics

Question 37

Block reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys, thereby increasing the amount of salt and water excreted in the urine ( causes reduction of fluid retained in the body and prevents edema )

Answer 37

Diuretics

Question 38

An excessive accumulation of urine in the renal pelvis due to obstruction or a ureter

Answer 38

Hydronephrosis

Question 39

ARF

Answer 39

Acute renal failure