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HFD EMS 2 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

________ are the secondary muscles of respiration. They include the neck muscles (sternocleidomastoids), the chest pectoralis major muscles and the abdominal muscles.

A

Accessory Muscles

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2
Q

To listen to sounds within an organ with a stethoscope

A

Ausculate

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3
Q

__________ A method of assessing the level of consciousness by determining whether the patient is awake and alert, responsive to verbal stimuli or pain, or unresponsive; used principally early in the assessment process

A

AVPU Scale

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4
Q

The pressure of circulating blood against the walls of the arteries

A

Blood Pressure

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5
Q

A slow heart rate, less than 60 beats/min

A

Bradycardia

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6
Q

An indication of air movement in the lungs, usually assessed with a stethoscope.

A

Breath Sounds

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7
Q

_______ is a test that evaluates distal circulator system function by squeezing (blanching) blood from an area such as a nail bed and watching the speed of its return after releasing the pressure.

A

Capillary Refill

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8
Q

A noninvasive method that can quickly and efficiently provide information on a patient’s ventilator status, circulation, and metabolism.

A

Capnography

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9
Q

The use of a capnometer, a device that measures the amount of expired carbon dioxide.

A

Capnometry

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10
Q

Carbon Dioxide is a component of air and typically makes up 0.3% of air at sea level. It is also a waste product exhaled during expiration by the respiratory system.

A

Carbon Dioxide

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11
Q

The reason a patient called for help; also, the patients response to questions such as “ What’s wrong?” or “ What happened?”

A

Chief Complaint

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12
Q

______ is to form a clot to plug an opening in an injured blood vessel and stop bleeding.

A

Coagulate

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13
Q

Capnometer or end-tidal carbon dioxide detectors are devices that use a chemical reaction to detect the amounts of carbon dioxide present in expired gases by changing colors( qualitative measurement rather than quantitative)

A

Colorimetric Devices

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14
Q

The delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the exposed surface of the eye.

A

Conjunctiva

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15
Q

A grating or grinding sensation caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together; also air bubbles under the skin that produce a crackling sound or crinkly feeling.

A

Crepitus

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16
Q

A bluish gray skin color that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood.

A

Cyanosis

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17
Q

_____ is a mnemonic for assessment in which each area of the body is evaluated for Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures/Penetrations, Burns, Tenderness, Lacerations, and Swelling.

A

DCAP-BTLS

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18
Q

Characterized by profuse sweating

A

Diaphoretic

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19
Q

The pressure that remains in the arteries during the relaxing phases of the heart’s cycle( diastole) when the left ventricle is at rest.

A

Diastolic Pressure

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20
Q

The amount of carbon dioxide present in exhaled breath

A

End-Tidal C02

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21
Q

A type of physical assessment that is typically performed on patients who have sustained nonsignificant mechanisms of injury or on responsive medical patients. This type of examination is based on the chief complaint and focuses on one body system or part.

A

Focused Assessment

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22
Q

Damage to tissues as the result of exposure to cold; frozen or partially frozen body parts are frostbitten.

A

Frostbite

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23
Q

A systematic head-to-toe examination that is performed during the secondary assessment on a patient who has sustained a significant mechanism of injury, is unconscious, or is in critical condition.

A

full-body scan

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24
Q

The overall initial impression that determines the priority for patient care; based on the patients surroundings, the mechanism of injury, signs and symptoms and the chief complaint.

A

General Impression

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25
Q

The time from injury to definitive care, during which treatment of shock and traumatic injuries should occur because survival potential is best.

A

Golden Period

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26
Q

Involuntary muscle contractions (spasms) of the abdominal wall in an effort to protect an inflamed abdomen; a sign of peritonitis.

A

Guarding

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27
Q

A step within the patient assessment process that provides detail about the patient’s chief complaint and an account of the patient’s signs and symptoms

A

History Taking

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28
Q

____ is blood pressure that is higher than the normal range

A

Hypertension

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29
Q

____ is blood pressure that is lower than the normal range

A

Hypotension

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30
Q

A condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95 degrees after exposure to a cold environment

A

Hypothermia

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31
Q

_____ is a system implemented to manage disasters and mass- and multiple-casualty incidents in which section chiefs, including finance, logistics operations, and planning, report to the incident commander. Also referred to as the incident management system.

A

Incident Command System

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32
Q

Yellow skin or sclera that is caused by liver disease of dysfunction

A

Jaundice

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33
Q

Breathing that requires visibly increased effort; characterized by grunting, stridor, and use of accessory muscles.

A

Labored Breathing

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34
Q

The way in which traumatic in juries occur; the forces that act on the body to cause damage

A

(MOI) Mechanism of Injury

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35
Q

Flaring out of the nostrils, indicating that there is an airway obstruction

A

Nasal Flaring

36
Q

The general type of illness a patient is experiencing

A

(NOI) Nature of Illness

37
Q

An abbreviation for key terms used in evaluating a patient’s pain: Onset, Provocation, or Palliation, Quality, Region/Radiation, Severity and Timing of Pain

A

OPQRST

38
Q

_____ is the mental status of a patient as measured by memory of person(name), place (current location), time (current year, month, and approximate date), and event (what happened)

A

Orientation

39
Q

To examine by touch

A

Palpate

40
Q

The motion of the chest wall section that is detached in a flail chest; the motion is exactly the opposite of normal motion during breathing (ie, in during inhalation, out during exhalation)

A

Paradoxical Motion

41
Q

Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue

A

Perfusion

42
Q

Clothing or specialized equipment that provides protection to the wearer

A

(PPE) Personal Protective Equipment

43
Q

Negative findings that warrant no care or intervention

A

Pertinent Negatives

44
Q

A step within the patient assessment process that identifies and initiates treatment of immediate and potential life threats.

A

Primary Assessment

45
Q

The pressure wave that occurs as each heartbeat causes a surge in the blood circulating through the arteries

A

Pulse

46
Q

An assessment tool that measures oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the capillary beds

A

Pulse Oximetry

47
Q

A crackling, rattling breath sound that signals fluid in the air spaces of the lungs; also called crackles

A

Rales

48
Q

A step within the patient assessment process that is performed at a regular intervals during the assessment process. Its purpose is to identify and treat changes in a patients condition. A patient in unstable condition should be reassessed every 5 minutes, whereas a patient in stable condition should be reassessed every 15 minutes

A

Reassessment

49
Q

___ is the way in which a patients responds to external stimuli, including verbal stimuli (sound), tactile stimuli(touch) and painful stimuli

A

Responsiveness

50
Q

Movements in which the skin pulls in around the ribs during inspiration

A

Retractions

51
Q

Coarse, low-pitched breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the upper airways.

A

Rhonchi

52
Q

A brief history of a patient’s condition to determine signs and symptoms, allergies, medications, pertinent past history, last oral intake, and events leading to the injury of illness.

A

SAMPLE history

53
Q

A step within the patient assessment process that involves a quick assessment of the scene and the surroundings to provide information about scene safety and the mechanism of injury or nature of illness before you enter and begin patient care

A

Scene Size Up

54
Q

The white portion of the eye; the touch outer coat that gives protection to the delicate, light-sensitive inner layer

A

Sclera

55
Q

A step within the patient assessment process in which a systematic physical examination of the patient is performed. The examination may be a systematic full-body scan or a systematic assessment that focuses on a certain area or region of the body, often determined through the chief complaint.

A

Secondary Assessment

56
Q

Respirations that are characterized by little movement of the chest wall (reduced tidal volume)

A

Shallow Respirations

57
Q

Objective findings that can be seen, heard, felt, smelled, or measured

A

Sign

58
Q

An upright position in which the patient’s head and chin are thrust slightly forward to keep the airway open

A

Sniffing Position

59
Q

Breathing that occurs with no assistance

A

Spontaneous Respirations

60
Q

Protective measures that have traditionally been developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for use in dealing with objects, blood, body fluids, and other potential exposure risks of communicable disease.

A

Standard Precations

61
Q

A harsh, high-pitched, crowing inspiratory sound, such as the sound often heard in acute laryngeal (upper airway) obstruction; may sound like crowing and be audible without a stethoscope

A

Stridor

62
Q

The presence of air in soft tissues, causing a characteristic crackling sensation on palpation

A

Subcutaneous Emphysema

63
Q

Subjective findings that the patient feels but that can be identified only by the patient

A

Symptom

64
Q

The increased pressure in an artery with each contraction of the ventricles (systole)

A

Systolic Pressure

65
Q

A rapid heart rate, more than 100 beats/min

A

Tachycardia

66
Q

The amount of air (in milliliters) that is moved in or out of the lungs during one breath

A

Tidal Volume

67
Q

____ is the process of establishing treatment and transportation priorities according to severity of injury and medical need.

A

Triage

68
Q

An upright position in which the patient leans forward onto two arms stretched forward and thrusts the head and chin forward

A

Tripod Position

69
Q

A severe breathing problem in which a patient can speak only two to three words at a time without pausing to take a breath

A

two to three word dyspnea

70
Q

Narrowing of a blood vessel

A

Vasoconstriction

71
Q

The key signs that are used to evaluate the patient’s overall condition, including respirations, pulse, blood pressure, level of consciousness, and skin chracteristics

A

Vital Signs

72
Q

The amount of force applied to the body
The length of time the force was applied
The areas of the body that are involved

A

MOI Factors (3)

73
Q

The body has been exposed to some force or energy that has resulted in a temporary injury, permanent damage, or even death

A

Traumatic Injury

74
Q

Fragile and easily injured areas include

A

Brain, spinal cord, eyes

75
Q

The force of the injury occurs ober a broad area, and the skin is usually not broken

A

Blunt trauma

76
Q

The force of the injury occurs at a small point of contact between the skin and object

A

Penetrating trauma

77
Q

Severity of injury depends on:

A

The characteristics of the penetrating object
The amount of force or energy
The part of the body affected

78
Q

Bleeding from _____is characterized by a steady flow of blood

A

Large vein

79
Q

Bleeding from an_____is characterized by a spurting flow of blood

A

Artery

80
Q

Among the leading cause of disability worldwide

A

Depression

81
Q

Symptoms of depression:

A 
Sadness
Hopelessness
Restlessness
Irritability
Sleeping and Eating Disorders
Decreased energy level
82
Q

Most common cause of confusion

A

Hypoxia

83
Q

In _______patients, it is not uncommon to encounter a patient who has dementia, delirium, or alzheimer

A

Geriatric

84
Q

DCAP BTLS

A 
Deformitites
Contusions
Abrasions
Punctures/penetrations
Burns
Tenderness
Lacerations
Swelling
85
Q

When assessing breathing obtain the following:

A

Respiratory rate
Rhythm-regular or irregular
Quality
Depth

86
Q

A patient who is breathing without assistance is said to have:

A

Spontaneous respirations/breathing

HFD EMS 2 (3 decks)

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