chapter 8

Question 1

what ship did Charles Darwin travel on?

Answer 1

HMS Beagle

Question 2

What was the purpose of the voyage?

Answer 2

to provide him with vast amounts of evidence that lead to his theory of evolution

Question 3

What islands were a significant place along the voyage where Darwin made many observations?

Answer 3

Galapagos Islands

Question 4

evolution within a species

Answer 4

microevolution

Question 5

proposed that organisms change over time as a result of acquired traits being inherited

Answer 5

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Question 6

Published “On The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection” where he outlined his theory of evolution

Answer 6

Charles Darwin

Question 7

Species live in different habitats within the same area and rarely meet

Answer 7

habitat isolation

Question 8

Different courtship rituals prevent mate recognition between species

Answer 8

behavioral isolation

Question 9

Male and female gametes of different species fail to untie

Answer 9

gamete isolation

Question 10

Breeding occurs at different times of times of the day or different seasons

Answer 10

temporal isolation

Question 11

Differences in physical structures prevent successful mating

Answer 11

mechanical isolation

Question 12

Hybrids fail to produce functional gametes

Answer 12

reduced hybrid fertility

Question 13

The development of survival of hybrids is impaired

Answer 13

reduced hybrid viability

Question 14

Offspring of hybrids are feeble or infertile

Answer 14

hybrid breakdown

Question 15

Change in allele frequency in a population over time

Answer 15

Evolution

Question 16

Group of individuals of a single species that occupy the same general area

Answer 16

population

Question 17

An alternative version of a gene

Answer 17

allele

Question 18

A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA, codes for a protein that leads to a physical characteristic

Answer 18

gene

Question 19

Any direct or indirect evidence of a once-living organism

Answer 19

fossils

Question 20

many fossils and organisms are more alike when they are closer geographically. Also, it looks like marsupials evolved once Australia was separated from other landmasses.

Answer 20

biogeography

Question 21

The Earth’s crust is divided into plates that move and result in earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

Answer 21

tectonic activity

Question 22

The study that deals with similarities in bone structures and stages in embryological development among different species

Answer 22

comparative anatomy

Question 23

The fact that different species hare a common genetic “language” is another observation that can be used to support the theory of evolution

Answer 23

molecular biology

Question 24

Why is Lamarck’s theory of evolution incorrect?

Answer 24

the theory of use and disuse isn’t an actual factor in the evolution process. Also, though the parent may have developed a characteristic, the child might not inherit it. It’s not based on modern genetics.

Question 25

List the origins of life

Answer 25

monomer, polymer, protocells, self-replicating molecules, prokaryotes, single celled eukaryotes, multicellular eukaryotes

Question 26

When individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability of surviving and reproducing in a given environment tend to have more offspring than other individuals, which leads to evolution within the population.

Answer 26

natural selection

Question 27

Evolution that produces a new species

Answer 27

macroevolution

Question 28

Evolution is what happens, natural selection is how it happens.

Answer 28

mechanism of evolution

Question 29

A group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring

Answer 29

species

Question 30

Parts in a different species that are structurally similar, but serve different functions

Answer 30

homologous structures

Question 31

1. Geographic barrier splits a population 2. Microevolution occurs separately in the populations 3. Some kind of reproductive barrier evolves so that even if the populations were brought back together, individuals from the 2 populations could not produce fertile offspring and they would be considered two different species

Answer 31

allopatric speciation

Question 32

Species definitely have the ability to change over time to become very different than what they once were

Answer 32

artificial selection

Question 33

Individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability of surviving and reproducing in a given environment tend to have more offspring than other individuals which leads to the accumulation of favorable traits in a population over generations

Answer 33

natural selection