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chapter 8 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what ship did Charles Darwin travel on?

A

HMS Beagle

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2
Q

What was the purpose of the voyage?

A

to provide him with vast amounts of evidence that lead to his theory of evolution

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3
Q

What islands were a significant place along the voyage where Darwin made many observations?

A

Galapagos Islands

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4
Q

evolution within a species

A

microevolution

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5
Q

proposed that organisms change over time as a result of acquired traits being inherited

A

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

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6
Q

Published “On The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection” where he outlined his theory of evolution

A

Charles Darwin

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7
Q

Species live in different habitats within the same area and rarely meet

A

habitat isolation

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8
Q

Different courtship rituals prevent mate recognition between species

A

behavioral isolation

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9
Q

Male and female gametes of different species fail to untie

A

gamete isolation

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10
Q

Breeding occurs at different times of times of the day or different seasons

A

temporal isolation

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11
Q

Differences in physical structures prevent successful mating

A

mechanical isolation

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12
Q

Hybrids fail to produce functional gametes

A

reduced hybrid fertility

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13
Q

The development of survival of hybrids is impaired

A

reduced hybrid viability

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14
Q

Offspring of hybrids are feeble or infertile

A

hybrid breakdown

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15
Q

Change in allele frequency in a population over time

A

Evolution

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16
Q

Group of individuals of a single species that occupy the same general area

A

population

17
Q

An alternative version of a gene

A

allele

18
Q

A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA, codes for a protein that leads to a physical characteristic

A

gene

19
Q

Any direct or indirect evidence of a once-living organism

A

fossils

20
Q

many fossils and organisms are more alike when they are closer geographically. Also, it looks like marsupials evolved once Australia was separated from other landmasses.

A

biogeography

21
Q

The Earth’s crust is divided into plates that move and result in earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

A

tectonic activity

22
Q

The study that deals with similarities in bone structures and stages in embryological development among different species

A

comparative anatomy

23
Q

The fact that different species hare a common genetic “language” is another observation that can be used to support the theory of evolution

A

molecular biology

24
Q

Why is Lamarck’s theory of evolution incorrect?

A

the theory of use and disuse isn’t an actual factor in the evolution process. Also, though the parent may have developed a characteristic, the child might not inherit it. It’s not based on modern genetics.

25
Q

List the origins of life

A

monomer, polymer, protocells, self-replicating molecules, prokaryotes, single celled eukaryotes, multicellular eukaryotes

26
Q

When individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability of surviving and reproducing in a given environment tend to have more offspring than other individuals, which leads to evolution within the population.

A

natural selection

27
Q

Evolution that produces a new species

A

macroevolution

28
Q

Evolution is what happens, natural selection is how it happens.

A

mechanism of evolution

29
Q

A group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring

A

species

30
Q

Parts in a different species that are structurally similar, but serve different functions

A

homologous structures

31
Q
  1. Geographic barrier splits a population
  2. Microevolution occurs separately in the populations
  3. Some kind of reproductive barrier evolves so that even if the populations were brought back together, individuals from the 2 populations could not produce fertile offspring and they would be considered two different species
A

allopatric speciation

32
Q

Species definitely have the ability to change over time to become very different than what they once were

A

artificial selection

33
Q

Individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability of surviving and reproducing in a given environment tend to have more offspring than other individuals which leads to the accumulation of favorable traits in a population over generations

A

natural selection

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