Chapter 8

Question 1

The metaphor known as The Tragedy of the Commons is widely used to explain the impact of human behavior on ecological system. It is derived from what occurred in

Answer 1

19th century British villages

Question 2

The Tragedy of the Commons metaphor suggest that

Answer 2

If people act out of short term self-interest everyone suffers in the long run

Question 3

Sustainable economic development mean development

Answer 3

That does not deplete resources and Destroy ecosystems so quickly that the basis of the economic growth is itself undermined

Question 4

What is the purpose of the Commission on sustainable development?

Answer 4

Monitoring States compliance with the promises they made at the Earth Summit and hears evidence from environmental NGOs such as Greenpeace

Question 5

What country currently dominate the world in terms of the production of solar panels

Answer 5

China

Question 6

Which of the following is the greenhouse gas that accounts for most of global warming

Answer 6

Carbon dioxide

Question 7

Fossil fuels include

Answer 7

Coal and natural gas

Question 8

How do greenhouse gases bring about global warming

Answer 8

They allow solar radiation to reach the Earth’s surface

Question 9

The major emitters of greenhouse gases today are

Answer 9

Industrialized countries

Question 10

Which of the following has been most reluctant to agree to a treaty calling for specific reductions in greenhouse gas emissions by of certain target dates?

Answer 10

The United States

Question 11

Which of the following is the major contributor to the destruction of the ozone layer?

Answer 11

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Question 12

The most important success in international negotiations to preserve the global environment to date is

Answer 12

The Montreal Protocol on CFCs

Question 13

The most important cause of the extinction of species is

Answer 13

Loss of habitat

Question 14

Rainforest

Answer 14

Are home to as many as half the world’s total species and slow down global warming

Question 15

Preserving the oceans is a difficult collective goods problems, but it has been solved in part by

Answer 15

Enclosing more of the ocean in territorial waters through the 200 mile limit

Question 16

The fuel that accounts for the largest share of world energy consumption is

Answer 16

Oil

Question 17

Which region has the largest energy consumption per person in the world?

Answer 17

North America

Question 18

Which countries, per capita, are the most energy efficient in the world?

Answer 18

European communities and Japan

Question 19

The largest oil exporting country in the world is

Answer 19

Saudi arabia

Question 20

In 1973, Arab states decided to cut off oil exports to the US for what reason?

Answer 20

To punish the US for its blindly supporting Israel during the Arab-Israeli War

Question 21

In the late 1990s, which region emerged as a new source of oil, although hindered by the lack of a stable route for oil pipelines?

Answer 21

Caspian sea region

Question 22

In which region is water scarcity a particular problem?

Answer 22

Middle east

Question 23

The example of water conflict in the text, concerning the Euphrates River running through Turkey, Syria, and Iraq is primarily an issue of

Answer 23

Diversion of water from the river at various points

Question 24

Which of the following explains the relationship between population growth and per capita income?

Answer 24

Raising per capita income slows population growth

Question 25

The infant mortality rate is the proportion of

Answer 25

Babies who die within their first year

Question 26

Information technology

Answer 26

Makes it harder for governments to hide information from each other

Question 27

What is true with respect to the building of transnational communities?

Answer 27

Exchange students help to build transnational communities by learning about their host country and teaching people about their home countries.