Chapter 8 Flashcards
The diversity of life is based on the same or different genetic code?
Same genetic code
A genetic information molecule must be able to do three things:
- Be able to contain large amounts of complex information.
- Have a mechanism for faithful replication.
- Must encode the phenotype
Johann Miescher discovered
Nuclein in white blood cells
Phoebus Levene discovered
DNA is composed of linked, repeated nucleotides
Albrecht Kossel discovered
DNA had 4 nitrogenous bases
Erwin Chargaff showed
A=T and G=C
Franklin and Chargoff
Did not get a noble prize
Replication (property of the genetic material of cells)
The genetic material must be stored and transmitted from generation to generation.
Gene expression (property of the genetic material of the cell)
The genetic material must control the phenotype of the organism
Mutation (property of the genetic material of the cell)
The genetic material must undergo variations that allow natural selection to work
Fred Griffith
Showed that something in a virulent strain of bacteria could transform a non-virulent strain of streptococcus pneumonia into a virulent again.
Oswald Avery, Colin Macleod & Maclyn McCarty
Showed that DNA is the transforming principle
Bacteriophage
Viruses that affect bacteria
Hershey and Chase
Found DNA not protein is the genetic material in bacteriophage
HIV destroys lymphocytes called what
Helper T Cells
Pyrimadines
T & C
Purines
A & G
James Watson and Francis Crick found this based on work by Franklin and Wilkins and Chargaff
DNA is a double stranded helix
Primary Structure
Nucleotide structure and joining of nucleotides together
Secondary Structure
Three dimensional, stable, helical structure
Tertiary Structure
Complex packing arrangement of DNA around proteins
DNA is a structure of nucleotides which consist of :
A phosphate group, a 5 carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base (purines and pyrimadines)
Purines
double ring structure, forms a covalent bond with 1’ carbon of deoxyribose
Pyrimidines
single ring structure, attached by covalent bond to the 1’ carbon of the pentose sugar
Phosphate groups
makes DNA acidic and always bonded to the 5’ carbon of the sugar
anything with “tide” on the end has
deoxyribose, base, and phosphate