Chapter 8 Flashcards
Mood
Major Depressive Disorder
Mood disorder involving one (single episode) or more (separated by at least two months without depression, recurrent) major depressive episodes.
Persistent Depressive Disorde
Mood disorder involving persistently depressed mood, with low self-esteem, withdrawal, pessimism, or despair; present for at least two years, with no absence of symptoms for more than two months.
Double Depression
Severe mood disorder typified by major depressive episodes superimposed over a background of dysthymic disorder.
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Mood disorder involving a cycling of episodes corresponding to the seasons of the year, typically with depression occurring during the winter.
peripartum onset
the onset of a mental health condition, particularly depression, that occurs during pregnancy or within the first four weeks after childbirth.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
Disorder of mood whose symptoms include physical symptoms, severe mood swings, and anxiety that cause incapacitation during most menstrual cycles, starting in the final week before the onset of menses, improving within a few days after the onset of menses, and becoming absent in the week post-menses.
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Condition in which a child has chronic negative moods such as anger and irritability without any accompanying mania.
Bipolar I
Alternation of major depressive episodes with full manic episodes (15-18).
Bipolar II
Alternation of major depressive episodes with hypomanic episodes (not full manic episodes) (19-22).
Cyclothymia
Chronic (at least two years) mood disorder characterized by alternating mood elevation and depression levels that are not as severe as manic or major depressive episodes.
Mood Disorders Prevalence
2.9 million Canadians
Lifetime worldwide: 16%
Females > Males 2:1
Elderly: Females = Males
Higher rates in more individualistic cultures
Stressful life events % in Cases
20-50%
Learned Helplessness
Seligman’s theory that people become anxious and depressed when they make an attribution that they have no control over the stress in their lives (whether in reality they do or not).
Beck’s Cognitive Theory
negative thoughts and beliefs lead to emotional disturbances like depression and anxiety
Pharmacological treatment for Depression
tricyclics, MAOIs, SSRIs
Pharmacological treatment for Mania
lithium, valproic acid and primary risks of eac
ECT
Biological treatment for severe, chronic depression involving the application of electrical impulses through the brain to produce seizures. The reasons for its effectiveness are unknown (electroconvulsive therapy).
TMS
a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that uses magnetic pulses to stimulate nerve cells in the brain (transcranial magnetic therapy).
IPT
a focused, time-limited treatment that aims to improve relationships and reduce mental health symptoms by addressing issues in interpersonal functioning like grief, disputes, transitions, and social deficits (interpersonal psychotherapy).
