CHAPTER 8 Flashcards
What is self-concept?
A cluster of characteristics used to describe oneself.
What is the sense of self?
A descriptive and evaluative mental picture of one’s abilities and traits.
How does children’s self-definition change?
Children’s self-definition typically changes between about ages 5 and 7, reflecting self-concept development.
What is the first stage in the development of self-definition according to neo-Piagetian terminology?
Single representations, where children describe themselves in terms of individual, unconnected characteristics and in all-or-nothing terms.
At what age does a child typically move to the second step of self-definition?
About age 5 or 6.
What is the second step in the development of self-definition?
Representational mappings, where children begin to make logical connections between aspects of themselves.
Can you provide an example of a child’s self-description at the representational mappings stage?
“I can run fast, and I can climb high. I’m also strong. I can throw a ball real far. I’m going to be on a team some day!”
(Harter, 1996, p. 215)
What is the third step in the development of self-definition?
Representational systems, which takes place in middle childhood when children begin to integrate specific features of the self into a general, multidimensional concept.
What is the literal definition of parenting?
The raising of children.
How can parenting style be interpreted?
As parenting.
What is self-esteem?
Self-esteem is the self-evaluative part of the self-concept, the judgment children make about their overall worth.
How do young children perceive their abilities?
Most young children wildly overestimate their abilities.
What influences children’s self-esteem?
Children’s self-esteem is influenced by feedback received from other people, particularly positive and uncritical feedback from adults.
What is a characteristic of children’s self-esteem?
Children’s self-esteem tends to be unrealistically high and unidimensional.
What is a key advance of early childhood?
The ability to understand and regulate one’s feelings is one of the key advances of early childhood.
(Dennis, 2006)
How do children who understand their emotions behave?
Children who can understand their emotions are better able to control the way they show them and to be sensitive to how others feel.
(Garner & Estep, 2001; Garner & Power, 1996)
What do many young children struggle to understand?
Many young children do not understand that they can experience contrary emotional reactions at the same time.
What influences individual differences in children regarding emotions?
Individual differences in understanding conflicting emotions influence how children process their feelings.
