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Western Civilization > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Islam means…

A

submission to God

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2
Q

Followers of Islam are called Muslims, which means…

A

one who submits

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3
Q

1st of the 5 Pillars of Islam is…

A

testimony of faith (the shahada)

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4
Q

2nd of the 5 Pillars of Islam is…

A

salat (daily prayers)

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5
Q

3rd of the 5 Pillars of Islam is…

A

giving zakat (support of the needy)

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6
Q

4th of the 5 Pillars of Islam is…

A

the fast of ramadan

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7
Q

5th of the 5 Pillars of Islam is…

A

hajj or pilgrimage to mecca

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8
Q

Muslims view Muhammad as the…

A

prophet

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9
Q

The holy scripture of Islam is…

A

the Qur’an

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10
Q

Jihad means…

A

striving in the way of God

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11
Q

Muhammad united the tribes as one large tribe through…

A

persuasion, negotiation, and force

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12
Q

External Factors…

A

The Byzantine and Sassanid empires were exhausted from just having fought a bitter war against each other

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13
Q

Spiritual leader of Islam, claiming succession from Muhammad…

A

Caliph

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14
Q

The Division of Islam…

A

Sunni, Shiite

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15
Q

The loss of the Balkans effectively cut the Byzantines off ___ and ___ from the former Western Empire…

A

culturally, economically

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16
Q

The Byzantines were able to repel the Muslim invasion…introduction of a powerful new weapon called…

A

“Greek Fire”

17
Q

Western Europe resulting from the collapse of Rome institutions and the increasing association between politics and religion…

A

Kings sought to bolster their authority through religious means

18
Q

The Pope who had conflicts with the Byzantine emperors over…

A

increasing taxes, priestly marriage, and the worship of icons

19
Q

___ will rank amongst the most powerful men in Merovingian society…

A

Catholic Bishops

20
Q

Charles Martel is called…

A

Charles the Hammer

21
Q

Between 721-725 Martel defeated and incorporated Neustria and Burgundy…

A

critical source of manpower and resources (wealth)

22
Q

During the early Middle Ages, troops were only available…

A

after the crops had been planted and before harvesting time

23
Q

Martel paid for his new army…

A

by confiscating church properties and lands

24
Q

Christians simply call all Muslims ___, meaning Barbarians…

A

saracen

25
Q

___ was the strength of Abdul-Rahman Al Ghafiqi’s army

A

Cavalry

26
Q

The strength of the Frank army was its…

A

Infantry foot soldiers

27
Q

Part of Charles Martel’s military Brilliance…

A

was his ability to pick the time and place of his battles

28
Q

The Turning Point…

A

Abdul-Rahman Al Ghafiqi was killed

29
Q

Martel became the master of Western Europe and the…

A

“Defender of the Faith”

30
Q

Charles Martel’s grandson ___ was the greatest king of the Middle Ages…

A

Charlemagne

31
Q

Significance of Battle of Tours…

A

The decisive turning point in the struggle against Islam, a struggle which preserved Christianity as the religion of Europe

32
Q

Byzantine Emperors broke the empire into military districts called themes, each theme was led by a general called a…

A

stratego

Western Civilization (1 decks)

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