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MECHANICS: a level maths > chapter 8: > Flashcards

chapter 8: Flashcards

1
Q

8.1: what is mechanics?

A

deals with motion and the action of forces on objects

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2
Q

8.2: what is a particle? (modelling assumption)

A

dimensions of the object are negligible

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3
Q

8.2: what is the modelling assumption of particles?

A

1) mass of object is concentrated at the single point
2) rotational forces and air resistance is ignored

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4
Q

8.2: what is a rod? (modelling assumption)

A

all dimensions but one are negligible, e.g beam or pole

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5
Q

8.2: what are the modelling assumption of rods?

A

1) mass is concentrated on a line
2) no thickness
3) rigid (does not bend or buckle)

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6
Q

8.2: what is a lamina? (modelling assumption)

A

object with an area, but negligible thickness, e.g paper

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7
Q

8.2: what are the modelling assumption of lamina?

A

mass which is distrubuted along a flat surface

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8
Q

8.2: what is an uniform body? (modelling assumption)

A

mass which is distrubuted evenly

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9
Q

8.2: what are the modelling assumption of an uniform body?

A

mass of the object is concentrated at a single point at the centre of the body. CENTRE OF MASS

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10
Q

8.2: what is a light object? (modelling assumption)

A

mass of the object is smaller compared to other masses. e.g, string or pulley

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11
Q

8.2: what are the modelling assumptions of a light object?

A

1) treating the object of having zero mass
2) tension is the same at both ends of the light string

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12
Q

8.2: what is an Inextensible string? (modelling assumption)

A

a string that does not stretch under load

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13
Q

8.2: what are the modelling assumptions of an inextensible string?

A

the acceleration is the same in objects connected by a taut inextensible string

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14
Q

8.2: what is a smooth surface? (modelling assumptions)

A

the surface with no rugosity, so friction is negligible.

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15
Q

8.2: what are the modelling assumptions of a smooth surface?

A

assuming that there is no friction between the surface and any object on it

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16
Q

8.2: what is a rough surface? (modelling assumptions)

A

if a surface is not smooth, it is rough

17
Q

8.2: what are the modelling assumptions of a rough surface?

A

if objects are in contact with the surface experience by a frictional force if they are moving or acted by a force.

18
Q

8.2: what is a wire? (modelling assumption)

A

rigid thin length of wire

19
Q

8.2: what are the modelling assumptions of a length of metal?

A

treated as a one dimensional

20
Q

8.2: what is a smooth/light pulley? (modelling assumption)

A

all pulleys you consider will be smooth and light

21
Q

8.2: what are the modelling assumptions of a smooth/light pulley?

A

1) pulley as no mass
2) tension is the same on either side of the pulley

22
Q

8.2: what is a bead? (modelling assumption)

A

particle with a hole for threading on a wire or string

23
Q

8.2: what are the modelling assumptions of a bead?

A

1) moves freely along a wire or string
2) tension is the same on either side of the bead

24
Q

8.2: what is a peg? (modelling assumption)

A

a support where a body can be suspended or rested

25
Q

8.2: what are the modelling assumptions of a peg?

A

1) dimensionless and fixed
2) can be rough or smooth

26
Q

8.2: what is air resistance? (modelling assumption)

A

resistance experienced as an object moves across the air

27
Q

8.2: what are the modelling assumptions of air resistance?

A

using modelled of negligible

28
Q

8.2: what is gravity? (modelling assumption)

A

the force of attraction between all objects. gravity = 9.8ms^-2

29
Q

8.2: what are the modelling assumptions of gravity?

A

1) assuming that all objects with mass are attracted towards the earth.
2) earths gravity is uniform and acts downwards
3) g is constant and is 9.8ms^-2

30
Q

8.3: three types of SI units?

A

1) mass (kg)
2) length (m)
3) time (sec)

31
Q

8.4: what is a vector?

A

is a quantity which has both magnitude and direction

32
Q

8.4: name an example of a vector

A

1) displacement (m) - (distance in a direction)
2) velocity (m s^−1) - rate of change of displacement
3) acceleration (m s^−2) - rate of change of velocity
4) force (N)- described by a magnitude, direction and point of direction

33
Q

8.4: what is a scalar?

A

only has magnitude

34
Q

8.4: what are some examples of scalars?

A

1) distance (m) - measure of length
2) speed (m s^−1))- measure how quickly a body moves
3) time (sec) - measure of ongoing events taking place
4) mass (kg)- measure of the quantity of matter contained in an object.

35
Q

8.4: are scalars positive or negative?

A

positive

36
Q

8.4: are vectors positive or negative?

A

they can be both

MECHANICS: a level maths (11 decks)

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