Chapter 8

Question 1

The Nazi dictator who ruled Germany and eventually led Europe into World War I

Answer 1

Adolf Hitler

Question 1

This is an approach in which an aggressor nation is allowed to keep regions it has conquered in hopes that it will satisfy the country’s leaders and prevent future aggression. Britain and France signed the Munich Pact, an agreement that agreed to let Germany keep territories it had taken in exchange for a pledge not to invade anymore countries

Answer 1

Appeasement

Question 2

The communist dictator who ruled the Soviet Union and who was one of the Big Three allies during World War I

Answer 2

Joseph Stalin

Question 3

The dictator who ruled Italy. He was a fascist and an ally of Germany and Japan

Answer 3

Benito Mussolini

Question 4

The military leader who served as prime minister of Japan during World War II. He was eventually executed for war crimes

Answer 4

Hideki Tojo

Question 5

This was the alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II

Answer 5

Axis Powers

Question 6

1935 law that prohibited the sale of US weapons to warring nations

Answer 6

Neutrality Acts

Question 7

Law under which the president could send aid to any nation whose defense was considered vital to the United States’ national security. If the country had no resources to pay for the aid, the US could send it and defer payment until later

Answer 7

Lend Lease Act

Question 8

US naval base in Hawaii which was attacked on December 7, 1941 by the Japanese. The event finally pulled the US into WWII

Answer 8

Pearl Harbor

Question 9

Conference between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin in which the three leaders decided to launch an Allied invasion of western Europe

Answer 9

Tehran Conference

Question 10

Name given the Allied invasion of Europe

Answer 10

Operation Overload/ D-Day

Question 11

Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met in February 1945 at the city of Yalta and conducted the Yalta Conference

Answer 11

Big Three

Question 12

Conference at which the “Big Three” discussed military strategy and postwar policies. The resolutions of the conference were stated in a Declaration and included a provision for Germany being divided into four zones to be administered by the Allies following the war. In addition, the leaders scheduled a conference in San Francisco for the following April to establish the United Nations as a permanent peace-keeping organization

Answer 12

Yalta Conference

Question 13

Southeast Asian island territory won by the US from Spain. It was a subject of much debate and division after the Spanish-American war as many wanted to annex it, and others wanted it declared and independent nation

Answer 13

The Philippines

Question 14

Battle which ended in a US victory and turned the tide of the water in the Pacific in favor of the US and its allies

Answer 14

Battle of Midway

Question 15

Strategy used by US forces in the Pacific in which they would attack and conquer one set of islands and then move on to the next as they made their way to Japan

Answer 15

Island Hopping

Question 16

Nuclear bomb dropped by the US on Hiroshima and later Nagasaki to bring about Japan’s surrender and the end of WWII

Answer 16

Atomic Bomb

Question 17

Project to construct the atomic bomb

Answer 17

Manhattan Project

Question 18

President who took office following Roosevelt’s death and who gave the final order to drop the atomic bomb

Answer 18

Harry S. Truman

Question 19

Japanese cities on which the US dropped atomic bombs

Answer 19

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Question 20

Act passed by Congress authorized the first peacetime draft in US history in 1940

Answer 20

Selective Service Act

Question 21

Re-directed raw materials and resources from the production of civilian consumer goods to the production of materials needed for waging war against Germany and Japan

Answer 21

War Production Board

Question 22

Drives which encouraged citizens in the US to buy bonds to help raise money for the war effort

Answer 22

War Bonds Drive

Question 23

Private vegetable gardens grown by citizens so that more food could be sent to support soldiers

Answer 23

Victory Gardens

Question 24

Policy in which the US government controlled how certain goods were allocated, so as to make sure that the war effort was adequately supported

Answer 24

Rationing

Question 25

Became the symbol of those women who entered the workforce to fill the gap left vacant by men serving in the war

Answer 25

Rosie the Riveter

Question 26

Women’s Army Corps; an army division for women that served in nearly every capacity except combat

Answer 26

WAC

Question 27

All black squadron of fighter pilots that successfully protected every single bomber it escorted during WWII

Answer 27

Tuskegee Airmen

Question 28

Native American Marines who served as radio operators in the Pacific

Answer 28

Code-talkers

Question 29

Japanese American unit that served valiantly in Europe and became the mot decorated unit in United States history

Answer 29

442nd

Question 30

Slogan used by many African Americans who were calling for social change in the US during the war. It stood for victory both abroad against Hitler and the Japanese, and at home against “Hitlerism”

Answer 30

Double V Campaign

Question 31

Mostly Mexican immigrants that the United States needed for labor during World War II

Answer 31

Hispanic Population

Question 32

After Pearl Harbor, the US government ordered all Japanese Americans away from military facilities. Under authority of this order, the US military forced more than 100,000 Japanese Americans from their homes and businesses during the war and placed them in internment camps

Answer 32

Internment of Japanese Americans

Question 33

Camps established by the Nazis in which Jews and other prisoners were either immediately put to death or forced to provide slave labor before finally being executed or dying of disease or starvation

Answer 33

Concentration Camps

Question 34

The attempted genocide of the Jewish people (and some other ethnic and social groups) by the Nazis during WWII

Answer 34

Holocaust

Question 35

Trials held in Germany after the war and the discovery of the Holocaust. It placed several Nazi leaders on trial for war crimes and resulted in a number of executions and long prison sentences

Answer 35

Nuremberg Trials

Question 36

WWII saw advances in radar, sonar, microwave technology, computers, agriculture, nuclear power, and medicine. In addition, innovations such as pipelines, synthetic rubber, and improved radios also came about during this period

Answer 36

Advances in Technology

Question 37

Age that began with the dropping of the atomic bomb in which both the horrors of nuclear weapons and the possible benefits of nuclear energy are realities the world lives with

Answer 37

Nuclear Age

Question 38

Competition between the US and USSR in which each side continued to build more and more powerful nuclear weapons in an effort to maintain a military advantage

Answer 38

Nuclear Arms Race