chapter 8

Question 1

process reaserch (component analysis)

Answer 1

identify the critical ingredients of intervention, especially those elements that contribute to effectiveness

Question 2

outcome reaserch

Answer 2

investigation of the effects of intervention (sort and long) terms, including predictive reaserch (eg. who will benefit)

Question 3

Efficacy

Answer 3

the power to produce an effect: typically established through well controlled circumstances

Question 4

effectiveness

Answer 4

extent to which bene fits are measured in less controlled, more real world circumstances

Question 5

for interventions that have been identifed as “effective”

Answer 5

study of implementaion may be conducted as well, investigation variables such as costs, necessary training, and dosage

Question 6

ASD app example

Answer 6

Experimental manipulations are manualized for inspection and replication / tested efficacy of a toilet training intervention in an experimental design

Question 7

experimental control

Answer 7

Researchers systemically manipulate the independent variable; dependent variable is the factor of interest being measured; all other factors held constant to see if the dependent variable changes in response to manipulation of the independent variable

Question 8

determination of causality

Answer 8

experiemental designs allow us to draw casual conclusions: isolate variables of interest and control temporal ordering; Random assignment of participants to condtions

Question 9

control

Answer 9

how to experiments offer control over variables of interests ;

Question 10

Internal Validity

Answer 10

a design that has high internal validity allows you to conclude that a particular variable is the direct cause of a particular outcome; a well designed experimental method has a high level of internal validity

Question 11

external validity

Answer 11

degree to which concussions drawn from a particular set of results can be generalized to other sample and situation (can apply to what is going on in the world)

Question 12

Placebo effect

Answer 12

an effect of treatment that can be attributed to participants’ expectations from the treatment rather than any property of the treatment itself (eg. sham surgery); the benefits of placebos are real and measurable

Question 13

internal validity → external validity

Answer 13

Want to establish efficacy in the laboratory and then be able to spread it out to the real world to be effective

Question 14

what is an issue with experimental work

Answer 14

Experimental work may not resemble the real world context that it is designed to model because of its artificiality (too many controlled factors)

Question 15

what is the positive of external validity

Answer 15

reinforce the advantage of using multiple methods to examine a research question

Question 16

key constructs of experiential methods

Answer 16

Independent and dependent , experimental and control, random assignment , placebo effect