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science > chapter 8 > Flashcards

chapter 8 Flashcards

solutions and bases

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1
Q

substances can disolve in water in 3 ways

A

dissociation, disperation, ionization

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2
Q

dissociation -

A

the process by which an ionic compound seperates into ions

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3
Q

dispersion-

A

a process in which a compound that breaks into small peices that spreads throughout water

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4
Q

ionization

A

the process by which neutrak molecules gain or lose electrons (forming ions)

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5
Q

solute-

A

a substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution (often solids)

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6
Q

solvent-

A

the substance in which the solute dissolves (often a liquid)

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7
Q

solutes and solvents can take the form of

A

liquids or gasses

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8
Q

the solution always takes the state of the

A

solvent

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9
Q

Three physical properties a solution can differ from those of its solute and solvent are

A

conductivity, freezing point, and albility to conduct electricty

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10
Q

conductivity-

A

the ability of a soltuion to conduct electricty

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11
Q

freezing point-

A

tempature of a liquid becoming a solid

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12
Q

freezing point is changed with the additon of

A

ionic compounds

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13
Q

boiling point-

A

the tempature of a liquid that becomes a gas

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14
Q

_____ raise the boiling part of water and keeps engines from overheating

A

coolants

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15
Q

formation of new solutions by the additions of ionic or molecular compounds requires

A

energy change

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16
Q

during formation of a solutions energy is

A

reduced or absorbed

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17
Q

ethodermic-

A

forming attractions released energy

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18
Q

factors that affect the rate of disolving including

A

surface area, sitrring and tempature

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19
Q

dissolving takes place ____

A

at the surface

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20
Q

the greater the surface area is the _____ the dissolving

A

faster

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21
Q

breaking reactions _____

A

releasesand
absorbs energy

22
Q

molarity-

A

the conecentration measurement that uses moles. m=m/n

23
Q

the _____ disolves

A

solute

24
Q

the ____ is the liquid that it dissolves it

A

solvent

25
Q

solubility-

A

the maximum ammount of a solute that can disolve in a given ammount of a solvent at a constant tempature

26
Q

solutions are best described as

A

saturated, unsaturated, super saturated

27
Q

saturated solution-

A

a solution that contains as much solute a colvent can hold at a given tempature

28
Q

unsaturated solution

A

a solution that has less than the maximum ammount of solute that can be dissolved

29
Q

supersaturated soltuion-

A

a solution where one contains more solute than it could normally hold at a given tempature

30
Q

the factors that affect the solubility of a solute are

A

the polarity of the solvent, tempature, and pressure

31
Q

when two things are both non polar or polar they

A

do not disolve

32
Q

the solubility of solids increases as the solvents

A

tempature increases

33
Q

increasing the ____ on a gas increases its solubility in a liquid

A

pressure

34
Q

conecntration can be expressed as a

A

percebt by volume, percent,mass,molarity

35
Q

acid-

A

a compound that produces hydronium ions

36
Q

some general properties of acids include

A

taste, reactivity with metals, and ability to rpoduce color change

37
Q

indicator-

A

any substance that changes color in the precense of an acid or base

38
Q

base-

A

a compound that produces hydroxide ions

39
Q

some general properties of bases are

A

bitter taste, slippery feel, ability to rpoduce color change

40
Q

_____ do not react with metals

A

bases

41
Q

_____are slippery

A

bases

42
Q

bases turn red litmus paper _____

A

blue

43
Q

the neutralization between an acid and a base produces

A

salt and water

44
Q

_____ turn blue litmus paper red

A

acids

45
Q

ph scale-

A

chemist use a number scale from 0-14 to describe the concentartion of hydronium ions in a solutions

46
Q

the lower the PH valure the _______ the h30+ ion concentration is

A

greater

47
Q

the higher the PH value is the ____ the H30+ ion concentration is

A

lower

48
Q

when strong acids disolve in water, they

A

ionize almost completly

49
Q

buffer-

A

a solution that is resistant to large changes in the PH

50
Q

electrolyte-

A

a substance that ionizes or dissociates into ions when it disolves in water

51
Q

strong acids and bases are strong electrolytes because

A

they dissociate or ionize almost completly in water

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