chapter 8

Question 1

substances can disolve in water in 3 ways

Answer 1

dissociation, disperation, ionization

Question 2

dissociation -

Answer 2

the process by which an ionic compound seperates into ions

Question 3

dispersion-

Answer 3

a process in which a compound that breaks into small peices that spreads throughout water

Question 4

ionization

Answer 4

the process by which neutrak molecules gain or lose electrons (forming ions)

Question 5

solute-

Answer 5

a substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution (often solids)

Question 6

solvent-

Answer 6

the substance in which the solute dissolves (often a liquid)

Question 7

solutes and solvents can take the form of

Answer 7

liquids or gasses

Question 8

the solution always takes the state of the

Answer 8

solvent

Question 9

Three physical properties a solution can differ from those of its solute and solvent are

Answer 9

conductivity, freezing point, and albility to conduct electricty

Question 10

conductivity-

Answer 10

the ability of a soltuion to conduct electricty

Question 11

freezing point-

Answer 11

tempature of a liquid becoming a solid

Question 12

freezing point is changed with the additon of

Answer 12

ionic compounds

Question 13

boiling point-

Answer 13

the tempature of a liquid that becomes a gas

Question 14

_____ raise the boiling part of water and keeps engines from overheating

Answer 14

coolants

Question 15

formation of new solutions by the additions of ionic or molecular compounds requires

Answer 15

energy change

Question 16

during formation of a solutions energy is

Answer 16

reduced or absorbed

Question 17

ethodermic-

Answer 17

forming attractions released energy

Question 18

factors that affect the rate of disolving including

Answer 18

surface area, sitrring and tempature

Question 19

dissolving takes place ____

Answer 19

at the surface

Question 20

the greater the surface area is the _____ the dissolving

Answer 20

faster

Question 21

breaking reactions _____

Answer 21

releasesand
absorbs energy

Question 22

molarity-

Answer 22

the conecentration measurement that uses moles. m=m/n

Question 23

the _____ disolves

Answer 23

solute

Question 24

the ____ is the liquid that it dissolves it

Answer 24

solvent

Question 25

solubility-

Answer 25

the maximum ammount of a solute that can disolve in a given ammount of a solvent at a constant tempature

Question 26

solutions are best described as

Answer 26

saturated, unsaturated, super saturated

Question 27

saturated solution-

Answer 27

a solution that contains as much solute a colvent can hold at a given tempature

Question 28

unsaturated solution

Answer 28

a solution that has less than the maximum ammount of solute that can be dissolved

Question 29

supersaturated soltuion-

Answer 29

a solution where one contains more solute than it could normally hold at a given tempature

Question 30

the factors that affect the solubility of a solute are

Answer 30

the polarity of the solvent, tempature, and pressure

Question 31

when two things are both non polar or polar they

Answer 31

do not disolve

Question 32

the solubility of solids increases as the solvents

Answer 32

tempature increases

Question 33

increasing the ____ on a gas increases its solubility in a liquid

Answer 33

pressure

Question 34

conecntration can be expressed as a

Answer 34

percebt by volume, percent,mass,molarity

Question 35

acid-

Answer 35

a compound that produces hydronium ions

Question 36

some general properties of acids include

Answer 36

taste, reactivity with metals, and ability to rpoduce color change

Question 37

indicator-

Answer 37

any substance that changes color in the precense of an acid or base

Question 38

base-

Answer 38

a compound that produces hydroxide ions

Question 39

some general properties of bases are

Answer 39

bitter taste, slippery feel, ability to rpoduce color change

Question 40

_____ do not react with metals

Answer 40

bases

Question 41

_____are slippery

Answer 41

bases

Question 42

bases turn red litmus paper _____

Answer 42

blue

Question 43

the neutralization between an acid and a base produces

Answer 43

salt and water

Question 44

_____ turn blue litmus paper red

Answer 44

acids

Question 45

ph scale-

Answer 45

chemist use a number scale from 0-14 to describe the concentartion of hydronium ions in a solutions

Question 46

the lower the PH valure the _______ the h30+ ion concentration is

Answer 46

greater

Question 47

the higher the PH value is the ____ the H30+ ion concentration is

Answer 47

lower

Question 48

when strong acids disolve in water, they

Answer 48

ionize almost completly

Question 49

buffer-

Answer 49

a solution that is resistant to large changes in the PH

Question 50

electrolyte-

Answer 50

a substance that ionizes or dissociates into ions when it disolves in water

Question 51

strong acids and bases are strong electrolytes because

Answer 51

they dissociate or ionize almost completly in water