Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bus 478 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the global market

A

Companies of different nations trading goods and services, increasing intensity of competition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the globalization of production

A

Lowers barriers to international trade and investment to disperse important important function of their production process around the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are companies taking advantage of the lower barriers

A

Exploit national differences in cost and quality of factors of production to lower cost structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do companies have been able to exploit

A

Land, capital, labour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the globalization of markets

A

World economy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are important implications for competitions

A
  1. Boundaries don’t stop at national borders
  2. Intensified competitive rivalry in many industry, resulting to global industries battling each other
  3. Increased threat of entry and intensity of rivalry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a national competitive advantage

A

Nations possess based on factors available to them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the global competitiveness of companies located within a nation based off of Michael Porter

A
  1. Factor Endowments
  2. Local Demand Conditions
  3. Related and Supporting Industries
  4. Firm Strategy, structure and rivalry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a factor endowment

A

Labour, capital, raw materials, technological know how, management experience and entrepreneurship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are local demand conditions

A

Nations gain competitive advantage if their customers are demanding to meet high standards of product quality and produce innovative products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the characteristics of home demand

A

Important in shaping attributes to create pressures for innovation and quality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the competitiveness of related and supporting industries

A

Local companies are in the presence of internationally competitive suppliers or related industry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the benefits of spill over

A

Businesses can spill over into a given industry and help achieve a strong competitive position internationally n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is intensity of rivalry

A

Different nations have different management ideologies which can help or not help them to build national competitive advantage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does Michael Porter say about the Intensity of Rivalry

A
  1. Different nations have different management ideologies which can help or not help them to build national competitive advantage
  2. Strong association between domestic rivalry and the creation and persistence of competitive advantage of an industry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the domestic rivalry

A

Creates the pressure to innovate, improve quality, reduce costs and invest in upgrading factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a world class competitor

A

When rivalry compels companies to look for ways to improve efficiency, innovate, improve quality and reduce costs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do companies expand globally

A
  1. Market their domestic goods in the international market
  2. Realize location economies by spreading activities to locations they can be efficient
  3. Realize greater cost economies from experience effects by serving from a central location
  4. Earn a greater return to leverage valuable skills developed in foreign operations and transfer them to other operations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the two competitive pressures

A
  1. Cost reductions
  2. Locally responsive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do companies minimize unit of costs

A
  1. Have a favorable low cost location
  2. Offer standardized product in the global marketplace
  3. Outsource certain function to low cost foreign suppliers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the pressures for local responsiveness

A

Companies have to differentiate its product offering and marketing strategy to accommodate the diverse demands from national differences

22
Q

What are the diverse demands that businesses have to keep in mind

A
  1. Consumer tastes and preferences
  2. Business practices
  3. Distribution channels
  4. Competitive conditions
23
Q

What is the European Union

A

Eurozone countries that have trade block

24
Q

What is USMCA

A

NAFTA

25
Q

How do companies choose their global strategy

A
  1. Global standardization strategy
  2. Location strategy
  3. Transnational strategy
  4. International strategy
26
Q

What is the globalization standardization strategy

A
  1. Focus on increasing profitability by pursuing a low cost strategy on a global level
  2. Companies don’t try to customize products and marketing because this can raise costs
27
Q

What is a localization strategy

A
  1. Focus on increasing profits by customizing products or services that provide a favorable match to taste preferences in different national or regional markets to increase value of the product in the local market
  2. Higher pricing to recoup higher costs
28
Q

What is a transnational strategy

A

Achieves low costs, differentiates products across geographic markets, foster a flow of resources

29
Q

What is international strategy

A
  1. Low cost pressure and low pressures for local responsiveness
  2. Usually sells a product that serves universal needs, no significant competition
30
Q

What the 5 primary choices of entry mode

A
  1. Exporting
  2. Licensing
  3. Franchising
  4. Join ventures
  5. Wholly owned subsidiaries
31
Q

What are the advantages of exporting

A
  1. Avoids costs of establishing manufacturing operations in the host country
  2. Company can increase scale economies from its global sales volume
32
Q

What are the disadvantages of exporting

A
  1. Not appropriate there are lower cost manufacturing locations abroad
  2. High transportation costs
  3. Tariff
33
Q

What is licensing

A
  1. An agreement arranged where a foreign licensee purchases the rights to produce a company’s product in the licensees country for a negotiated fee
  2. Licensee provides capital necessary to open operations
34
Q

What are the advantages of licensing

A

Company does not bear the development costs and risks associated with opening a foreign market

35
Q

What are the drawbacks of licensing

A
  1. No tight control over manufacturing, marketing, strategic functions to realize both scale and location economies
  2. Limits a company’s ability to coordinate strategic moves across countries
  3. Risks on technological knowhow to foreign companies
  4. Licensee can degrade or damage the brand if it pursues strategies that are not in the best interests of the company
36
Q

What is franchising

A

Specialized form of licensing where the franchisor sells intangible property to the franchisee and they have to follow strict rules

37
Q

What is the franchisor and franchisee relationship

A

Franchisee assists the franchisee to run the business on an ongoing basis and receive loyalty payments based on percentage of franchisees revenues

38
Q

What are joint ventures

A

50/50 joint venture where each party takes 50% of the ownership stake and team of managers from both companies

39
Q

What are the benefits of joint ventures

A
  1. Local partners knowledge of competitive conditions, culture, language, political and business systems
  2. Development costs are shared
  3. Political considerations
40
Q

What are the major disadvantages of joint ventures

A
  1. Company yields the control of technology to its partner
  2. Doesn’t give the company the tight control over subsidies that it might need to realize experience curve
41
Q

What are wholly owned subsidaries

A
  1. Parent company owns 100% of the sub
  2. Company can set up a completely new operations in a country and acquire an established company to promote products
42
Q

What are the advantages of wholly owned subsidaries

A
  1. Complete control of technological competency
  2. Complete control of operations allowing it to take profits from one country to support competitive attacks
  3. Best choice to realize location economies
43
Q

What are global strategic alliances

A
  1. Cooperative agreements between companies from different countries that are actual or potential competitors
  2. Contractual agreement on work on a strategic objective
44
Q

What are the benefits of global strategic alliances

A
  1. Shared fixed costs of developing new products or processes
  2. Bring together complementary skills and assets
  3. Help establish technological standards for the industry
45
Q

What are location economies

A

Economic benefits arising from performing a value creation activity in an optimal location

46
Q

How to realize cost economies from global volume

A
  1. Spread fixed costs with developing products over its global sales volume
  2. Utilize its production facilities more intensively leading to higher productivity, lower costs and greater profitability
  3. Increase the size of the enterprises, its bargaining power with supplier increases leading to bargain down the cost of key inputs and boost profitability
47
Q

What are the two effects of value creation activity

A
  1. Lower costs of the value creation to help achieve a low cost position
  2. Enable a company to differentiate its product offer which gives the option of charging premium
48
Q

How do you make strategic alliances work

A
  1. Partner selection that helps company accomplish strategic goals, share the same vision and likely try to exploit
  2. Alliance structure so that companies risk is not giving too much to the partner
  3. Managing alliance from building interpersonal relationships between firms managers (relational capital)
49
Q

What is opportunism

A

Seeking ones own self interest

50
Q

What is a multinational company

A

Company that does business in two or more national markets

Bus 478 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions