chapter 8 Flashcards
Respiration
The combined activity of multiple processes that supply oxygen to all of the body cells and remove co2
Respiratory system
Consists of a series of passages that bring outside air in contact with special structures that lie close to blood capillaries
inspiration/inhalation
Air into the lungs
expiration/exhalation
Air out of the lungs
pulmonologist
Physician who specializes in anatomy and physiology and pathology of lungs
Passage of air and organs of respiration
Nasal cavity -> oral cavity -> pharynx -> larynx -> trachea-> left and right bronchus -> bronchioles -> alveoli
diaphragm
Muscular wall that separates the abdomen from the thoracic cavity; contracts and relaxes with each inhalation/exhalation
pleura
Membrane that surrounds each lung
Pleural cavity
Space between the pleura that covers the lungs and the pleura that lines the thoracic cavity
alvelo/o
alveolus
bronchi/o
bronchus
bronchiol/o
bronchiol/o
epiglott/o
epiglottis
laryng/o
Larynx
lob/o
lobe
nas/o
nose
phren/o
disphragm
pleur/o
pleura
pharyng/o
pharynx
pneum/o
lung
trache/o
trachea
oximeter/pximetry
Measuring oxygen concentration (ET finger)
eupnea
Normal breathing
bradypnea
Slow breathing (slower than 12 breaths a min)
tachypnea
Fast breathing (Faster than 20 breaths a minute)
Hyperpnea
Deep fast breathing (faster than 20 breaths a min)
orthopnea
Pain when breathing in any position other than sitting erect or standing
spirometry
The measurement of the amount of air taken into and out of the lungs
pneumothorax
Air or gas in the chest cavity
Hemothorax
Blood in the pleural cavity
bronchiectasis
Chronic dilation of a bronchus accompanied by a secondary infection that usually involves the lower part of the lung
Carcinoma of the lung
Lung cancer
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Disease that decreases the lungs ability to perform ventilatory functions, chronic airflow limitation is a common symptom
Emphysema
Chronic disease characterized by an increase of alveoli size and destructive changes in their walls resulting in difficulty breathing, hypoventilation, and hypoxemia
Nasal polyp
Abnormal protruding growth from the nasal mucosa
pneumoconiosis
Respiratory condition caused by inhalation of dust particles
Pulmonary embolism
Blockage of a pulmonary artery by foreign matter
Severe acute repiratory disease
Infectious respiratory disease spread by close contact with an infected person and caused by coronavirus. Fatality rate of 3%.
silicosis
Form of pneumoconiosis
tuberculosis
Caused by bacterium that produces tubercles (small round nodules) in the lungs
Orotracheal intubation
Short term airway management by way of mouth
Nasotracheal intubation
Short term airway management by way of nose
Tracheostomy tube
Incision into trachea to place tube (through neck, opening in neck)
Endotracheal intubation
Insertion of an airway tube through mouth or nose into the trachea (nasotracheal and orotracheal are subtypes)
antitussives
Prevent or relieve coughing
antihistamines
Used to treat colds
expectorants
Improve expulsion of mucus from the lungs
Percutaneous biopsy
Tissue is obtained by puncturing the suspected lesion through the skin
pneumonectomy
Surgical remval of part of a lung
thoracentesis
Surgical puncture of the chest cavity to remove fluid
