Chapter 8 Flashcards
Part learning
breaking a list of items into shorter lists
perception
interpretation of sensory information
phonological loop
part of working memory. a speech - and - sound-related system for holding and rehearsing (refreshing) words and sounds in short-term memory for about 1.5 - 2 seconds
priming
activating a concept in memory or the spread of activation from one concept to another
procedural knowledge
knowledge that is demonstrated when we perform a task: “knowing how”
procedural memory
long-term memory for how to do things
propositional network
set of interconnected concepts and relationships in which long-term knowledge is held
prototype
a best example or best representative of a catergory
reconstruction
recreating information by using memories, expectations, logic, and existing knowledge
retrieval
process of searching for and finding information in long-term memory
rote memorization
remembering information by repetition without necessarily understanding the meaning of the information
schemas
basic structures for organizing information; concepts
script
schema or expected plan for the sequence of steps in a common event such as buying groceries or ordering pizza
self-regulatory knowledge
knowing how to manage your learning, or knowing how and when to use your declarative and procedural knowledge
semantic memory
memory for meaning
sensory memory
system that holds sensory information very briefly
serial-position effect
the tendency to remember the beginning and the end, but not the middle of a list
short-term memory
component of memory system that holds information for about 20 seconds
spreading activation
retrieval of pieces of information based on their relatedness to one another. Remembering one bit of information activates (stimulates) recall of associated information.
story grammar
typical structure or organization for a category of stories
theory-based
an explanation for concept formation that suggest our classifcations are based on ideas about the world that we create to make sense of things
top-down
making sense of information by using context and what we already know about the situation; sometimes called conceptually driven perception
visuospatial sketchpad
part of working memory. a holding system for visual and spatial information
working memory
the brain system that provides temporary holding and processing of information to accomplish complex cognitive tasks as language comprehension, learning, and reasoning; the information that you are focusing on at that given moment.
productions
the contents of procedural memory; rules about what actions to take given certain conditions. Units of knowledge that combine conditions with actions in “if this happens, do that” relationships that often are automatic
