Chapter 8 Flashcards
Compared with relationships with adults, relationships with peers are
*more equal
Relationships with peers
*offer children new opportunities for interpersonal exploration
The term used to describe children of roughly the same age is
(d) *peers
The term used to describe peers with whom the child has a special relationship
(c) *friends
During the first 6 months of life babies look at each other and are responsive to each other’s behaviors. These behaviors are not truly social because
(b) *there is no recognition of the peer as a social partner
At what age are interactions with peers characterized by touching and looking at peers and responding to peers crying
(a) *0-6 months
. Make-believe activity in which objects are used symbolically is called
(b) *pretend play
Interaction in which young children share toys, materials, and sometimes conversation but are not engaged in a joint project is termed
(d) *associative play
At what age are interactions with peers characterized by a stable preference for same-gender playmates and a main friendship goal of coordinated and successful play?
(c) *6-7 years
Interaction in which young children share goals and work together to achieve them is labeled:
(c) *cooperative play
Pretend play
: (b) *permits children to experience the roles and feelings of others
At its peak, pretend play involves
(a) *highly coordinated fantasies
Pretend play is most common in
(c) *the U.S.
The nature of peer interactions from 1 to 12 years includes increases in
(c) *generosity
Which of the following is true regarding the importance of peers’ gender
(d) *after ages 5 or 6 children choose same gender play partners
Compared with girls’ play, boys’ play
(c) *is less intimate
In mixed-gender groups
(c) *girls become more active and boisterous than in same-gender groups
Interactions with peers during adolescence
(b) *are under relatively limited adult guidance
Which of the following is true regarding peers acting as social models: (a) children as young as 2 years old imitate each other (b) older children learn about social rules by watching their peers (c) peer models can be positive or negative
(d) *all of the above
. Interaction in which young children are doing the same thing, often side by side, but are not engaged with each other has been described as
(a) *parallel play
During interactions with peers during adolescence peers are especially likely to influence
(c) *whether the adolescent uses controlled substances
Children are more likely to imitate peers who are
(c) *more prestigious
The term used to describe peers actively reinforcing each others’ behavior through rewards and punishments is
(d) *peer pressure
The process by which people evaluate their own abilities, values, and other qualities by comparing themselves with others, usually their peers is
(a) *social comparison
The importance of cultural contexts in peer behaviors is exemplified by the finding that:
(b) *for younger children, U.S. children reject peers who are shy and sensitive, whereas Chinese children accept them
Youngsters who are liked by many peers and disliked by very few are labeled:
(d) *popular
Youngsters who have some friends but who are not as well liked as popular children are labeled:
(d) *average
. Youngsters who are liked by many peers but also disliked by many are labeled
(a) *controversial
Youngsters who are disliked by many peers and liked by few are labeled:
(c) *rejected
A procedure for determining a child’s status within his or her peer group in which each child in the group either nominates others whom she or he likes best and least or rates each child in the group for desirability as a companion is termed
(b) *sociometric technique
Youngsters who are not accepted by their peers because of their low level of self-control and high level of aggression are labeled
(d) *aggressive-rejected
Youngsters who are excluded by their peers and who tend to be anxious, withdrawn, and socially unskilled are labeled
(c) *nonaggressive-rejected
Youngsters who are often socially isolated and, although they are not necessarily disliked, have few friends are labeled
(b) *neglected
When asked to decide how to solve a social dilemma involving anther child in a video, youngsters who were rated as less socially competent by their teachers were observed to: (a) generate too many competent responses to choose from (b) choose appropriate responses but not execute them (c) be good at noticing and interpreting cues correctly
(d) *none of the above
A strength of the step-by-step social information processing approach is the following:
(c) *the model accounts for behavior in new or ambiguous situations
A weakness of the step-by-step social information processing approach is the following
(b) *children sometimes make social decisions without conscious awareness
Peer rejection is worse when the school-age child
(c) *lacks social support
Studies of the neurological bases of social pain find that in terms of fMRI patterns: (a) social pain activates the area that is linked to the uncomfortable feeling of physical pain (b) social pain activates the area that is linked to regulating feelings of physical pain (c) reactions to being rejected in a virtual environment are similar to reactions to social rejection in the real world
(d) *all of the above
Which of the following accurately describes the association between deficits in social understanding and actual peer rejection?
