Chapter 8

Question 1

Compared with relationships with adults, relationships with peers are

Answer 1

*more equal

Question 2

Relationships with peers

Answer 2

*offer children new opportunities for interpersonal exploration

Question 3

The term used to describe children of roughly the same age is

Answer 3

(d) *peers

Question 4

The term used to describe peers with whom the child has a special relationship

Answer 4

(c) *friends

Question 5

During the first 6 months of life babies look at each other and are responsive to each other’s behaviors. These behaviors are not truly social because

Answer 5

(b) *there is no recognition of the peer as a social partner

Question 6

At what age are interactions with peers characterized by touching and looking at peers and responding to peers crying

Answer 6

(a) *0-6 months

Question 7

. Make-believe activity in which objects are used symbolically is called

Answer 7

(b) *pretend play

Question 8

Interaction in which young children share toys, materials, and sometimes conversation but are not engaged in a joint project is termed

Answer 8

(d) *associative play

Question 9

At what age are interactions with peers characterized by a stable preference for same-gender playmates and a main friendship goal of coordinated and successful play?

Answer 9

(c) *6-7 years

Question 10

Interaction in which young children share goals and work together to achieve them is labeled:

Answer 10

(c) *cooperative play

Question 11

Pretend play

Answer 11

: (b) *permits children to experience the roles and feelings of others

Question 12

At its peak, pretend play involves

Answer 12

(a) *highly coordinated fantasies

Question 13

Pretend play is most common in

Answer 13

(c) *the U.S.

Question 14

The nature of peer interactions from 1 to 12 years includes increases in

Answer 14

(c) *generosity

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the importance of peers’ gender

Answer 15

(d) *after ages 5 or 6 children choose same gender play partners

Question 16

Compared with girls’ play, boys’ play

Answer 16

(c) *is less intimate

Question 17

In mixed-gender groups

Answer 17

(c) *girls become more active and boisterous than in same-gender groups

Question 18

Interactions with peers during adolescence

Answer 18

(b) *are under relatively limited adult guidance

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding peers acting as social models: (a) children as young as 2 years old imitate each other (b) older children learn about social rules by watching their peers (c) peer models can be positive or negative

Answer 19

(d) *all of the above

Question 20

. Interaction in which young children are doing the same thing, often side by side, but are not engaged with each other has been described as

Answer 20

(a) *parallel play

Question 21

During interactions with peers during adolescence peers are especially likely to influence

Answer 21

(c) *whether the adolescent uses controlled substances

Question 22

Children are more likely to imitate peers who are

Answer 22

(c) *more prestigious

Question 23

The term used to describe peers actively reinforcing each others’ behavior through rewards and punishments is

Answer 23

(d) *peer pressure

Question 24

The process by which people evaluate their own abilities, values, and other qualities by comparing themselves with others, usually their peers is

Answer 24

(a) *social comparison

Question 25

The importance of cultural contexts in peer behaviors is exemplified by the finding that:

Answer 25

(b) *for younger children, U.S. children reject peers who are shy and sensitive, whereas Chinese children accept them

Question 26

Youngsters who are liked by many peers and disliked by very few are labeled:

Answer 26

(d) *popular

Question 27

Youngsters who have some friends but who are not as well liked as popular children are labeled:

Answer 27

(d) *average

Question 28

. Youngsters who are liked by many peers but also disliked by many are labeled

Answer 28

(a) *controversial

Question 29

Youngsters who are disliked by many peers and liked by few are labeled:

Answer 29

(c) *rejected

Question 30

A procedure for determining a child’s status within his or her peer group in which each child in the group either nominates others whom she or he likes best and least or rates each child in the group for desirability as a companion is termed

Answer 30

(b) *sociometric technique

Question 31

Youngsters who are not accepted by their peers because of their low level of self-control and high level of aggression are labeled

Answer 31

(d) *aggressive-rejected

Question 32

Youngsters who are excluded by their peers and who tend to be anxious, withdrawn, and socially unskilled are labeled

Answer 32

(c) *nonaggressive-rejected

Question 33

Youngsters who are often socially isolated and, although they are not necessarily disliked, have few friends are labeled

Answer 33

(b) *neglected

Question 34

When asked to decide how to solve a social dilemma involving anther child in a video, youngsters who were rated as less socially competent by their teachers were observed to: (a) generate too many competent responses to choose from (b) choose appropriate responses but not execute them (c) be good at noticing and interpreting cues correctly

Answer 34

(d) *none of the above

Question 35

A strength of the step-by-step social information processing approach is the following:

Answer 35

(c) *the model accounts for behavior in new or ambiguous situations

Question 36

A weakness of the step-by-step social information processing approach is the following

Answer 36

(b) *children sometimes make social decisions without conscious awareness

Question 37

Peer rejection is worse when the school-age child

Answer 37

(c) *lacks social support

Question 38

Studies of the neurological bases of social pain find that in terms of fMRI patterns: (a) social pain activates the area that is linked to the uncomfortable feeling of physical pain (b) social pain activates the area that is linked to regulating feelings of physical pain (c) reactions to being rejected in a virtual environment are similar to reactions to social rejection in the real world

Answer 38

(d) *all of the above

Question 39

Which of the following accurately describes the association between deficits in social understanding and actual peer rejection?