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Astronomy > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

The first landers on the surface of Mars found the Martian soil to be sterile.

A

true

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2
Q

According to the Kardashev Scale, what “type” of civilization does humanity represent

A

Less than Type 1

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3
Q

If the terraforming of Mars was successful, its new thicker atmosphere would remain permanently allowing generations of new societies to survive on the red planet.

A

false

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4
Q

Which of the following would be considered life

A

cats
bacteria
mushrooms
grass

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5
Q

The Drake Equation is a tool for estimating

A

the number of planets in the Milky Way that contain civilizations intelligent enough to communicate through space.

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6
Q

Astronomers exploring Kepler Space Telescope data encountered a very unusual light curve, which some speculated may be caused by a partially-completed ________________ created by an advanced civilization.

A

Dyson Sphere

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7
Q

One example of a “Great Filter” that humanity has (so far) managed to pass through is

A

the development of nuclear weapons

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8
Q

The first human artifact to leave the solar system was

A

The Pioneer 10 Plaque

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9
Q

extremophiles

A

Living creatures that thrive in environments thought to be deadly to any lifeform

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10
Q

Using the Drake Equation is complete guesswork. There is no scientific basis for estimating any of the variables in the equation

A

false

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11
Q

A scientist hoping to find active life on Mars can only reasonably hope to find it

A

in water that exists under the Martian surface

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12
Q

If you are attempting to communicate with intelligent civilizations elsewhere in the galaxy, then the _________ part of the EM spectrum is the best to use.

A

radio

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13
Q

We have not yet seen strong scientific evidence for even the simplest life anywhere in the universe except the Earth.

A

true

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14
Q

An advocate for terraforming Mars suggests that just ________________ would be a powerful symbol of humanity’s potential for expansion

A

having a single seed grow into a plant on Mars

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15
Q

Astronomers conjecture that advanced alien civilizations could rapidly spread through the galaxy through the use of

A

self-replicating machines

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16
Q

Sufficient warming of Mars could be achieved by point a mirror the size of ____________ at the Martian south pole.

A

Texas

17
Q

One of the most promising pieces of evidence supporting ancient life on Mars came from

A

a Martian meteorite found on Earth

18
Q

According to National Geographic, the process of terraforming Mars would take ______ years.

A

1,000

19
Q

Which of the following is NOT a variable in the Drake Equation

A

Number of radio antennas per planet

20
Q

Since their is no ozone layer on Mars

A

Sun’s ultraviolet light reaches the surface and destroys any exposed organic molecules

21
Q

terraforming

A

making another planet Earth like

22
Q

Matteia

A

cyanobacteria, dissolve and bore through rock, fixing nitrogen and liberating carbon dioxide

23
Q

astrobiology

A

biology that studies life on Earth and in space

24
Q

SETI

A

Search for Extraterrestrial Life, specific organization and broader movement

25
Q

Pioneer 10

A

1972, launched toward Jupiter, first aircraft to leave the solar system

26
Q

Voyager

A

1977, sent music and images in a spacecraft

27
Q

optical SETI

A

look for single short-lived burst of optical light from our neighbors

28
Q

fermi paradox

A

why haven’t we had from other civilizations and why haven’t we seen them here on Earth

29
Q

when did life arise on Earth

A

3.5-3.85 billion years ago

30
Q

how did life arise on Earth

A

evolved from a common ancestor

31
Q

what are necessities for life

A

source of nutrients, source of energy, and liquid water

32
Q

could there be life on Mars

A

life may survive in pockets of liquid water underground

33
Q

could there be life on Europa/Jovian moons

A

Europa has subsurface ocean of liquid water and undersea volcanoes on ocean floor, Ganymede and Calisto might have oceans as well, Titan may have other liquids on its surface though too cold for liquid water

34
Q

are habitable planets likely

A

billions of stars have at least moderate size habitable zones

35
Q

are earth like planets rare or common

A

idk

36
Q

how many civilizations are out there

A

Drake equation gives us a way to organize our thinking about the question

37
Q

how does SETI work

A

detect signals coming from civilizations

38
Q

how difficult is interstellar travel

A

well beyond tech capabilities

39
Q

where are the aliens

A

no evidence of other civilizations

Astronomy (8 decks)

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