Chapter 8 Flashcards
What are main Group elements?
S and P block elements
What is Group 1 name?
Alkali Metals→ phicogens/ prictogens
What is group 2 name?
Alkaline earths → chalcogens
What is group 13 name?
Triel elements → halogens J
What is group 14 name?
Tetrel elements → noble gases
Main group elements characterized by s/p electrons following________?
Octet rule
Metals give up electrons to achieve filled valence shell
Nonmetal accepts electrons to achieve filled valence shell
Insulator elements?
H__[n]
Semiconductor elements?
B_[n]
Metal element?
Li__[n]
What is the conductor “band” between the conduction band and valence band?
There is no band gap
What are the semiconductor “bands” between the conduction band and the valence band?
There are small band gap
What are insulator “band” between the conduction band and valence band?
There are large band gap
What is the highest occupied energy level of metal called?
Fermi level
Conductor are?
They are metals and have highest electrical with thermal conductivity at room temp
What are semiconductors conduct?
They are electricity under the influence of heat or light energy.
What is an insulator do not conduct?
They don’t conduct electricity under the influence of heat or light.
The elements have___ because of same valence.
Within a group have similar reactivities
What are the first row anomaly?
Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F
What is the difference result from the first row anomaly?
The smaller Size and higher electronegativity
What are the diagonal relationships from the periodic table?
The atomic radius increase diagonally,the electronegativity values are almost closer to each other, exhibit similar physiochemical properties such as li, mg and B, si, as, Te
What is the 1s electron configuration in the periodic table?
Alkali Metals
When the octet have one é is a?
They are halogens such as Hz like X2 and H- are x-
What happening when placing hydrogen with Carbon (group iv)?
Half-filled valence shell
Electronegativity is about the same
Covalent bond formation favored over ionic
What are most abundant element in the universe, found mostly in stars and space?
Hydrogen
What are the second most abundant element?
He → helium
When hydrogen gain an é what noble gas configuration it make?
Hydride= H-
Inorganic reducing agent are NaBH4 and LiALH4
When hydrogen losses one é it become?
H+= proton
Can form hydrogen bonds
What are thermal cracking?
Is the breakdown of a large alkane into smaller, more useful alkanes
Formal:CnHn+2 →CnHn+H2
What is the steam reforming?
The chemical synthesis for producing syngas, hydrogen, Carbon monoxide from hydrocarbon fuels such as natural gas.
What is coal gasification?
The process of producing syngas a mixture of consisting primarily of carbon monoxide (co), hydrogen(H2), Carbon dioxide (c02), methane(ch4), and water vapor → from coal and water
What are 5 main use for hydrogen?
Power generation and grid balancing
Transportation
Industry
Feedstock
Residential and commercial building→gas grid/ combined heat and power
What are Group 1a alkali metal?
Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
-highly reactive and low melting points
-stored in oil to prevent reaction with water and air
What is group1a chemical properties?
Have the lowest ionization energy of all element
Excellent reducing agents
2 Na+ 2 H2O→2 naoh + Hz (exothermic)
What is the reactivity of Li?
Li → slow
What is the reactivity of Na?
Vigorous
What is the reactivity of K?
Flammable
What is the reactivity of Rb/Cs?
Violent
What is the ion mobility of Cs, rb, k, Na, Li?
Cs+ > Rb+ > K+ > Na+ > Li+
What are the alkali metal ion (M+) that forms Lewis acid/ Lewis base complexes?
They make crown ethers
Size selective for specific alkali metal cation
Such as 18 crown are K+
15 crown are Na+
12 crowns are Li+
What is alkyl-lithium (RLi)?
It self-ignite in air and strong non-polar reducing agents
What is alkalaides electron configuration?
They have an ns2 electron configuration, element such as be, mg, ca, sr
The element have extremely powerful reducing agents
What is group 2a name?
Alkaline earths → chalcogens
What element in group 2a are abundant?
Ca and mg
What element in group 2a are less abundant?
Sr and Ba
Sulfates and carbonates
What element in group 2a are even less abundant?
Be → used in alloy that reduces corrosion and Increase the Strength
What element in group 2a are radioactive ?
Ra →Radium
What element in group 2a that are acidic?
Be that likes oxygen
What element in 2a are basic?
Mg, Ca, sr, ba
What elements is in group 13 a?
B, Al, Ga, In, TI
What elements are nonmetals similar to C and si?
Boron
What are the cage compounds in Group 13 a?
Boranes → boron hydrides
What is a borazine?
It a inorganic benzene =B3N3H6
What is a diamond-like structure?
Boron nitride
What types of structure that similar of graphite?
Hexagonal boron nitride
Stronger van der waal forces between sheets
What structure and hardness is similar to those of diamond?
Cubic boron nitride
Have an sp3 hybridized
High temperature and high pressure
What elements in group 14 element?
It known as Carbon Group, elements: C, si, Ge, sn, Pb
What elements in group 14 elements are metals?
Sn and Pb
What element in group 14a that semi - metal?
Si that is a metalloid and Ge
What is the element in group 14a are nonmetal?
Carbon → known as Charcoal and diamond until 1700
What is linkage of atoms of the same elements into longer chains, sheets, or ring structures?
Catenation
What is the tendency for catenation decreases? And form multiple bonds?
C > Si > Ge > sn >Pb
What elements that are semiconductors used in optics and electronics?
Si and Ge
What is the element when molecules with Si-H bonds?
Silanes = pyrophoric
What pair of elements that do not exhibit inert pair effects?
C and Si → only Stable C 4+ Si 4+
What element exhibit the inert pair effects?
Ge, sn, and Pb (M2+ or M4+ are stable)
What elements ase in group 15 A?
The elements are N, P, As, Sb, Bi
