Chapter 8 Flashcards
A medical emergency that is the most serious form of heat illness due to heat overload and/or impairment of the body’s ability to dissipate heat; characterized by high body temperature >150, dry, red skin, altered level of consciousness, seizures, coma and possible death.
Heat Stroke
A muscle fiber type designed for use of aerobic glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation, recruited for low-intensity, longer-duration activities such as walking and swimming.
Slow twitch muscle fibers
A simplified system for classifying physical activities where one MET is equal to the resting oxygen uptake, which is approximately 3.5 milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute (3.5 mg/kg/min).
Metabolic Equivalent
The point in time during high-intensity exercise at which the production of lactic acid exceeds the body’s capacity to eliminate it; after this point, oxygen is insufficient at meeting the body’s demands for energy.
Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation
The part of the trunk above the diaphragm and below the neck.
Thorax
The most important muscle of inspiration, the only skeletal muscle essential for life.
Diaphragm
The circulatory vessels of the lungs.
Pulmonary Circuit
An injury caused by freezing the skin and underlying tissues.
Frostbite
Constant submaximal exercise below the lactate threshold where the oxygen uptake is meeting the energy requirements of the activity.
Steady State
The highest heart rate a person can attain. Sometimes abbreviated as HRmax.
Maximal Heart Rate
The point during exercise of increasing intensity at which blood lactate begins to accumulate above resting levels, where lactate clearance is no longer able to keep up with lactate production.
Lactate Threshold
The volume of air inspired per breath.
Tidal Volume
The most common heat-related illness; usually the result of intense exercise in a hot, humid environment and characterized by profuse sweating, which results in fluid and electrolyte loss, a drop in blood pressure, lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, decreased coordination, and often syncope (fainting).
Heat Exhaustion
Smaller divisions of veins
Venules
Abnormally low body temperature.
Hypothermia
Blood vessels that carry the deoxygenated blood to the heart.
Veins
The smallest type of blood vessels that supply blood to the tissues and the site where the gases and nutrients exchange.
Capillaries
The process by which oxygen is used to produce energy for cellular work; also called oxygen consumption.
Oxygen Uptake
A scale, originally developed by noted Swedish psychologist Gunnar Borg, that provides a standard means for evaluating a participant’s perception of exercise effort. The original scale ranged from 6 to 20; a revised category ratio scale ranges from 0 to 10.
Ratings of Perceived Exertion
Small diameter blood vessels that extend and branch our from an artery and lead to the capillaries.
Arterioles
Considered the best indicator of cardiovascular endurance, it is the maximal amount of oxygen (mL) that a person can use in one minute per kilogram body weight.
Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2 Max)
Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to vital organs and the extremities.
Arteries
The difference between VO2max and VO2 at rest.
VO2 Reserve
The act of expelling air from the lungs; exhalation.
Expiration
The liquid portion of blood.
Plasma
The major artery of the cardiovascular system.
Aorta
The period from the start of one heartbeat to the start of the next one.
Cardiac Cycle
A form of training during which the exerciser randomly changes the aerobic intensity based on how he or she is feeling. Also called speed play.
Fartlek Training
A condition, such as asthma, bronchitis, or emphysema, in which there is chronic obstruction of air flow.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
A form of training that takes the participant through a series of e revise stations with brief rest intervals in between.
Circuit Training
The drawing of air into the lungs; inhalation.
Inspiration
The reserve capacity of the heart; the difference between maximal heart rate and resting heart rate. It reflects the heart’s ability to increase the rate of beating and cardiac output above resting level to maximal intensity.
Heart Rate Reserve
