Chapter 8

Question 1

A medical emergency that is the most serious form of heat illness due to heat overload and/or impairment of the body’s ability to dissipate heat; characterized by high body temperature >150, dry, red skin, altered level of consciousness, seizures, coma and possible death.

Answer 1

Heat Stroke

Question 2

A muscle fiber type designed for use of aerobic glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation, recruited for low-intensity, longer-duration activities such as walking and swimming.

Answer 2

Slow twitch muscle fibers

Question 3

A simplified system for classifying physical activities where one MET is equal to the resting oxygen uptake, which is approximately 3.5 milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute (3.5 mg/kg/min).

Answer 3

Metabolic Equivalent

Question 4

The point in time during high-intensity exercise at which the production of lactic acid exceeds the body’s capacity to eliminate it; after this point, oxygen is insufficient at meeting the body’s demands for energy.

Answer 4

Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation

Question 5

The part of the trunk above the diaphragm and below the neck.

Answer 5

Thorax

Question 6

The most important muscle of inspiration, the only skeletal muscle essential for life.

Answer 6

Diaphragm

Question 7

The circulatory vessels of the lungs.

Answer 7

Pulmonary Circuit

Question 8

An injury caused by freezing the skin and underlying tissues.

Answer 8

Frostbite

Question 9

Constant submaximal exercise below the lactate threshold where the oxygen uptake is meeting the energy requirements of the activity.

Answer 9

Steady State

Question 10

The highest heart rate a person can attain. Sometimes abbreviated as HRmax.

Answer 10

Maximal Heart Rate

Question 11

The point during exercise of increasing intensity at which blood lactate begins to accumulate above resting levels, where lactate clearance is no longer able to keep up with lactate production.

Answer 11

Lactate Threshold

Question 12

The volume of air inspired per breath.

Answer 12

Tidal Volume

Question 13

The most common heat-related illness; usually the result of intense exercise in a hot, humid environment and characterized by profuse sweating, which results in fluid and electrolyte loss, a drop in blood pressure, lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, decreased coordination, and often syncope (fainting).

Answer 13

Heat Exhaustion

Question 14

Smaller divisions of veins

Answer 14

Venules

Question 15

Abnormally low body temperature.

Answer 15

Hypothermia

Question 16

Blood vessels that carry the deoxygenated blood to the heart.

Answer 16

Veins

Question 17

The smallest type of blood vessels that supply blood to the tissues and the site where the gases and nutrients exchange.

Answer 17

Capillaries

Question 18

The process by which oxygen is used to produce energy for cellular work; also called oxygen consumption.

Answer 18

Oxygen Uptake

Question 19

A scale, originally developed by noted Swedish psychologist Gunnar Borg, that provides a standard means for evaluating a participant’s perception of exercise effort. The original scale ranged from 6 to 20; a revised category ratio scale ranges from 0 to 10.

Answer 19

Ratings of Perceived Exertion

Question 20

Small diameter blood vessels that extend and branch our from an artery and lead to the capillaries.

Answer 20

Arterioles

Question 21

Considered the best indicator of cardiovascular endurance, it is the maximal amount of oxygen (mL) that a person can use in one minute per kilogram body weight.

Answer 21

Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2 Max)

Question 22

Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to vital organs and the extremities.

Answer 22

Arteries

Question 23

The difference between VO2max and VO2 at rest.

Answer 23

VO2 Reserve

Question 24

The act of expelling air from the lungs; exhalation.

Answer 24

Expiration

Question 25

The liquid portion of blood.

Answer 25

Plasma

Question 26

The major artery of the cardiovascular system.

Answer 26

Aorta

Question 27

The period from the start of one heartbeat to the start of the next one.

Answer 27

Cardiac Cycle

Question 28

A form of training during which the exerciser randomly changes the aerobic intensity based on how he or she is feeling. Also called speed play.

Answer 28

Fartlek Training

Question 29

A condition, such as asthma, bronchitis, or emphysema, in which there is chronic obstruction of air flow.

Answer 29

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Question 30

A form of training that takes the participant through a series of e revise stations with brief rest intervals in between.

Answer 30

Circuit Training

Question 31

The drawing of air into the lungs; inhalation.

Answer 31

Inspiration

Question 32

The reserve capacity of the heart; the difference between maximal heart rate and resting heart rate. It reflects the heart’s ability to increase the rate of beating and cardiac output above resting level to maximal intensity.

Answer 32

Heart Rate Reserve