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Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs > Chapter 8-12 test > Flashcards

Chapter 8-12 test Flashcards

1
Q

Pangea

A

A supercontinent containing all of Earth’s land that existed about 225 million years ago. divided at the end of the Triassic

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2
Q

Valle de la Luna

A

oldest dinosaurs found here, Argentina’s Triassic coastal area, western shoreline of Pangea

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3
Q

late Triassic rock record

A

Triassic strata less exposed than Jurassic and Cretaceous

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4
Q

Laurasia

A

North America, Europe, and Asia.
Northern part of Pangea

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5
Q

Gondwanaland

A

The continents of Africa, South America, India, Australia, and Antarctica. Southern half of Pangea

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6
Q

Triassic climate

A

arid and dry in the interior
temperate rainforests along coast
no glaciers at the poles

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7
Q

Triassic vegetation

A

cycad, ginkgo, monkey puzzle, conifer, ferns

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8
Q

Two seasons of the Triassic

A

10 months dry 2 months heavy monsoons

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9
Q

Triassic Terrestrial Life

A

psudosuchia, primitave archosaurs, avemetatarsalia, therapsids(mammal like reptiles), mammals (late triassic)

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10
Q

Postosuchus

A

Early Triassic (NOT a dinosaur)
apex predator
member of psudosuchia: crocodilian line of archosaur

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11
Q

Eoraptor lunensis

A

Early Triassic “dawn thief”
neotheropoda
one of the earliest dinosaurs

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12
Q

Pisanosaurus

A

Early Triassic “pissano lizard”
basal ornithischian
known from one specimen

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13
Q

Celophysis

A

Late Triassic “Hollow Form”
neotheropoda
mix of ancestoral and derived traits (first fercula, manual digit IV is vestigial)
flash flood bone bed in New Mexico

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14
Q

Platyosaurus

A

Late Triassic “broad lizard”
basal sauropod (sauropodomorph)
mud-miring hypothesis for dorsal burial

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15
Q

Theropod characteristics

A

Furcula, hollow bones, laterally compressed serrated teeth, bipedal, pes has 3 digits (off shooting hallux “big toe”) and feathers.

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16
Q

Neotheropoda

A

Furcula (wishbone)
Functionally tridactyl feet (digits I and V reduced)

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17
Q

Tetanurans

A

complicated air sacks, airways interconnected with bone

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18
Q

non tetanuran theropods

A

all lack the complicated air sack system

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19
Q

Avetheropoda

A

larger more complicated air sacks, pubis forms a boot shape

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20
Q

Coelurosauria

A

bowed ulna, tibia longer (lengthening of lower leg), longer sacrum, tail stiffens (ossified tendons), larger brain to body ratio, feather integuments

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21
Q

Maniraptorians

A

longer arm and hand bones, semi lunate bone in wrist (more dexterity), bony sternum, larger brain

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22
Q

Dilophosaurus

A

Late Jurassic “two crested lizard” North America
neotheropoda/ dilophosauridae
first large therapod, started the “age of dinosaurs”

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23
Q

Cryolophosaurus

A

Early Jurassic “frozen crested lizard” Antarctica
neotheropoda/ dilophosauridae

24
Q

Abelisaurs

A

Cretaceous (southern continents)
short arms (practically vestigial) and robust skull

25
Ceratosaurus
Late Jurassic "Horned lizard" North America ceratosauridae elongated (blade like) nazal horn, small osteoderm along back
26
Carnotaurus
Late Cretaceous "meat eating bull" Argentina ceratosauridae single specimen, short almost vestigial arms, one of the best known abliesaurs
27
Non-Coelurosaur tetanurans
Megalosauroidia + Allosauroidea
28
Megalosauroidia
Megalosaurus, Baryonix, Spinosaurus
29
Allosauroidea
includes all Charcarodontosauridae Charcarodontosaurus, Giganotosaurus, Allosaurus
30
Megalosaurus
Mid cretaceous "terrible lizard" England tetanuran/ megalosauridae first dinosaur discovered and named known from incomplete skeleton (jaw and hip/leg fragments)
31
Baryonyx
Early Cretaceous "heavy claw" England Europeans Spinosaur giant claw on digit I (thumb) fish scaled found in stomach
32
Spinosaurus
Mid Cretaceous "spined lizard" Egypt largest therapod, only quadrupedal therapod, Nizar Ibrahim excavation found it was mainly aquatic
33
Allosaurus
Late Jurassic "different lizard" North America Allosauridae apex predator, found in Morrison Formation: richest fossil source
34
Carcharodontosaurus
Mid Cretaceous, Egypt "sharp toothed lizard" Carcharodontosauridae initial fossils destroyed in WW2 bombings along with Spinosaurus
35
Giganotosaurus
Mid Cretaceous "Giant southern lizard" South Africa allosauroidea larger than T-rex
36
Spinosaurids
"spined lizards" appear in the Late Jurassic and persist until the early part of the Late Cretaceous, an age often informally dubbed the 'Mid-Cretaceous
37
Megalosaurids
lineage dies out by the end of the Jurassic
38
Allosauroidea
least derived of the avetheropods.
39
tyrannosaurs are part of the __________________
Coelurosaurs
40
all Coelurosaur clades have ___________________
feather integuments
41
types of feather integuments (made of keratin)
stage one : Protofeathers (very simple and hair like) also shown on pterasaurs Stage 2: pulmulaceous feathers (downy insulation feathers) Stage 3: Pennatious feathers (central portion "Vein" with off shooting fibers stitched together loosely stage 5: flight feathers (either side of vein is asymmetrical and used for flight)
42
Proceratosauridae
"front horned lizards" nasal crest extremely long nares gracile body type
43
Tyrannosauridae
divided into Gracile and Robust body types, reduction of forelimb size, Phalanges of digit III of hand lost
44
Guanlong
Late Jurassic "crowned dragon" China tyrannosauroidea thin nasal crest for visual/ sexual display, 2 specimens found in mud death trap
45
Xu Xing
He has named more dinosaur species than any other living paleontologist (33 genera)
46
Dilong
Early Cretaceous "emperor dragon" China tyrannosauroidea basal feathered tyrannosauroid, preserved with feather integuments proving all early coelurosaurs were feathered
47
Yutyrannus
Early Cretaceous "Feathered tyrant" China tyrannosauroidea 3 specimins all with integument patches, shaggy coat of protofeathers
48
Gorgosaurus
Late Cretaceous "dreadful lizard" North America tyrannosauroidea Gracile body, face biting pathology
49
Daspletosaurus
Late Cretaceous "Frightful lizard" North America tyrannosauroidea apex predator, robust body
50
Tarbosaurus
Late Cretaceous "alarming lizard hero" Robust body type, slightly smaller than T-rex with even shorter arms
51
Albertosaurus
Late cretaceous "Alberta lizard" gracile body type, studied by Phil Currie > Dry Islands Bonebed (pack hunting)
52
Tyrannosaurus rex
Late Cretaceous (68-66Ma) "tyrant lizard king" Tyrannosauridae largest bite force in terrestrial history, found in Western North America (Hell Creek Formation)
53
End of cretaceous paleogeography
sea levels were higher western interior seaway divided North America in half seaway disappeared in the early Paleogene
54
Hell Creek Formation
Late Cretaceous and Early Paleocene Accumulated under deltaic environment Discovered 1st Triceratops and 1st T-Rex
55
The Hell Creek Formation deposits
fresh and brackish-water clays, mudstones, and sandstones
56
Cretaceous ecosystem
expansive forests along the coastal plains of the western interior seaway

Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs (1 decks)

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