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Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs > Chapter 8-12 test > Flashcards

Chapter 8-12 test Flashcards

1
Q

Pangea

A

A supercontinent containing all of Earth’s land that existed about 225 million years ago. divided at the end of the Triassic

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2
Q

Valle de la Luna

A

oldest dinosaurs found here, Argentina’s Triassic coastal area, western shoreline of Pangea

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3
Q

late Triassic rock record

A

Triassic strata less exposed than Jurassic and Cretaceous

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4
Q

Laurasia

A

North America, Europe, and Asia.
Northern part of Pangea

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5
Q

Gondwanaland

A

The continents of Africa, South America, India, Australia, and Antarctica. Southern half of Pangea

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6
Q

Triassic climate

A

arid and dry in the interior
temperate rainforests along coast
no glaciers at the poles

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7
Q

Triassic vegetation

A

cycad, ginkgo, monkey puzzle, conifer, ferns

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8
Q

Two seasons of the Triassic

A

10 months dry 2 months heavy monsoons

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9
Q

Triassic Terrestrial Life

A

psudosuchia, primitave archosaurs, avemetatarsalia, therapsids(mammal like reptiles), mammals (late triassic)

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10
Q

Postosuchus

A

Early Triassic (NOT a dinosaur)
apex predator
member of psudosuchia: crocodilian line of archosaur

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11
Q

Eoraptor lunensis

A

Early Triassic “dawn thief”
neotheropoda
one of the earliest dinosaurs

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12
Q

Pisanosaurus

A

Early Triassic “pissano lizard”
basal ornithischian
known from one specimen

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13
Q

Celophysis

A

Late Triassic “Hollow Form”
neotheropoda
mix of ancestoral and derived traits (first fercula, manual digit IV is vestigial)
flash flood bone bed in New Mexico

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14
Q

Platyosaurus

A

Late Triassic “broad lizard”
basal sauropod (sauropodomorph)
mud-miring hypothesis for dorsal burial

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15
Q

Theropod characteristics

A

Furcula, hollow bones, laterally compressed serrated teeth, bipedal, pes has 3 digits (off shooting hallux “big toe”) and feathers.

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16
Q

Neotheropoda

A

Furcula (wishbone)
Functionally tridactyl feet (digits I and V reduced)

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17
Q

Tetanurans

A

complicated air sacks, airways interconnected with bone

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18
Q

non tetanuran theropods

A

all lack the complicated air sack system

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19
Q

Avetheropoda

A

larger more complicated air sacks, pubis forms a boot shape

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20
Q

Coelurosauria

A

bowed ulna, tibia longer (lengthening of lower leg), longer sacrum, tail stiffens (ossified tendons), larger brain to body ratio, feather integuments

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21
Q

Maniraptorians

A

longer arm and hand bones, semi lunate bone in wrist (more dexterity), bony sternum, larger brain

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22
Q

Dilophosaurus

A

Late Jurassic “two crested lizard” North America
neotheropoda/ dilophosauridae
first large therapod, started the “age of dinosaurs”

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23
Q

Cryolophosaurus

A

Early Jurassic “frozen crested lizard” Antarctica
neotheropoda/ dilophosauridae

24
Q

Abelisaurs

A

Cretaceous (southern continents)
short arms (practically vestigial) and robust skull

25
Q

Ceratosaurus

A

Late Jurassic “Horned lizard” North America
ceratosauridae
elongated (blade like) nazal horn, small osteoderm along back

26
Q

Carnotaurus

A

Late Cretaceous “meat eating bull” Argentina
ceratosauridae
single specimen, short almost vestigial arms, one of the best known abliesaurs

27
Q

Non-Coelurosaur tetanurans

A

Megalosauroidia + Allosauroidea

28
Q

Megalosauroidia

A

Megalosaurus, Baryonix, Spinosaurus

29
Q

Allosauroidea

A

includes all Charcarodontosauridae
Charcarodontosaurus, Giganotosaurus, Allosaurus

30
Q

Megalosaurus

A

Mid cretaceous “terrible lizard” England
tetanuran/ megalosauridae
first dinosaur discovered and named
known from incomplete skeleton (jaw and hip/leg fragments)

31
Q

Baryonyx

A

Early Cretaceous “heavy claw” England
Europeans Spinosaur
giant claw on digit I (thumb) fish scaled found in stomach

32
Q

Spinosaurus

A

Mid Cretaceous “spined lizard” Egypt
largest therapod, only quadrupedal therapod, Nizar Ibrahim excavation found it was mainly aquatic

33
Q

Allosaurus

A

Late Jurassic “different lizard” North America
Allosauridae
apex predator, found in Morrison Formation: richest fossil source

34
Q

Carcharodontosaurus

A

Mid Cretaceous, Egypt “sharp toothed lizard”
Carcharodontosauridae
initial fossils destroyed in WW2 bombings along with Spinosaurus

35
Q

Giganotosaurus

A

Mid Cretaceous “Giant southern lizard” South Africa
allosauroidea
larger than T-rex

36
Q

Spinosaurids

A

“spined lizards” appear in the Late Jurassic and persist until the early part of the Late Cretaceous, an age often informally dubbed the ‘Mid-Cretaceous

37
Q

Megalosaurids

A

lineage dies out by the end of the Jurassic

38
Q

Allosauroidea

A

least derived of the avetheropods.

39
Q

tyrannosaurs are part of the __________________

A

Coelurosaurs

40
Q

all Coelurosaur clades have ___________________

A

feather integuments

41
Q

types of feather integuments (made of keratin)

A

stage one : Protofeathers (very simple and hair like) also shown on pterasaurs

Stage 2: pulmulaceous feathers (downy insulation feathers)

Stage 3: Pennatious feathers (central portion “Vein” with off shooting fibers stitched together loosely

stage 5: flight feathers (either side of vein is asymmetrical and used for flight)

42
Q

Proceratosauridae

A

“front horned lizards”
nasal crest
extremely long nares
gracile body type

43
Q

Tyrannosauridae

A

divided into Gracile and Robust body types, reduction of forelimb size, Phalanges of digit III of hand lost

44
Q

Guanlong

A

Late Jurassic “crowned dragon” China
tyrannosauroidea
thin nasal crest for visual/ sexual display, 2 specimens found in mud death trap

45
Q

Xu Xing

A

He has named more
dinosaur species than any other living paleontologist (33 genera)

46
Q

Dilong

A

Early Cretaceous “emperor dragon” China
tyrannosauroidea
basal feathered tyrannosauroid, preserved with feather integuments proving all early coelurosaurs were feathered

47
Q

Yutyrannus

A

Early Cretaceous “Feathered tyrant” China
tyrannosauroidea
3 specimins all with integument patches, shaggy coat of protofeathers

48
Q

Gorgosaurus

A

Late Cretaceous “dreadful lizard” North America
tyrannosauroidea
Gracile body, face biting pathology

49
Q

Daspletosaurus

A

Late Cretaceous “Frightful lizard” North America
tyrannosauroidea
apex predator, robust body

50
Q

Tarbosaurus

A

Late Cretaceous “alarming lizard hero”
Robust body type, slightly smaller than T-rex with even shorter arms

51
Q

Albertosaurus

A

Late cretaceous “Alberta lizard”
gracile body type, studied by Phil Currie > Dry Islands Bonebed (pack hunting)

52
Q

Tyrannosaurus rex

A

Late Cretaceous (68-66Ma) “tyrant lizard king”
Tyrannosauridae
largest bite force in terrestrial history, found in Western North America (Hell Creek Formation)

53
Q

End of cretaceous paleogeography

A

sea levels were higher
western interior seaway divided North America in half
seaway disappeared in the early Paleogene

54
Q

Hell Creek Formation

A

Late Cretaceous and Early Paleocene

Accumulated under deltaic environment

Discovered 1st Triceratops and 1st T-Rex

55
Q

The Hell Creek Formation deposits

A

fresh and brackish-water clays, mudstones, and sandstones

56
Q

Cretaceous ecosystem

A

expansive forests along the coastal plains of the western interior seaway

Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs (1 decks)

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