Chapter 8-12

Question 1

How close a measurement corresponds to it’s true value

Answer 1

Accuracy

Question 2

Pre-CERT mathematical functions calculated in a controller can be mechanical analog or digital the three most common output functions deal with proportionals, integral, derivative,tuning.

Answer 2

Algorithms

Question 3

Sensing, measuring, comparing, calculating, correcting, and manipulating

Answer 3

Basic control functions

Question 4

When a control has feedback, controller in automatic mode

Answer 4

Closed control loop

Question 5

A component of a controller that compares the measurement to a predetermined set point

Answer 5

Comparator

Question 6

The control loop component that receives the appropriate signal from the transmitter and compares the signal to a desired value ,set point, if there is a difference, then the output of the comparison causes the calculation to be performed to cause a corrective response by the controller good signal to the final control element

Answer 6

Comparing, calculating and correcting, element

Question 7

A process variable that is so used to initiate the control signal

Answer 7

Controlled variable

Question 8

And instrument the receives the signal from the transmitter and compares it to a certain point, and produces an output to a final control element

Answer 8

Controller

Question 9

The control loop component that converts the soonest process very rude and transmits the measured signal

Answer 9

Converting and transmitting element

Question 10

A device that receives information in 1 pound of an instrument signal and changes it Into another form of an instrument

Answer 10

Converting device

Question 11

The accuracy of the instrument (+/-) full scale

Answer 11

Device error

Question 12

Characterized by do you doing that is represented as coated information in the form of binary numbers, used to transmit data to and from field transmitters on a twisted pair of wires may also be between computers and computer components

Answer 12

Digital signal

Question 13

Either an Analog or digital signal, current or voltage signal

Answer 13

Electronic signal

Question 14

The most common type of control loop where the change caused by the output of the controller is fed back to the process providing a self – regulating action

Answer 14

Feed back loop

Question 15

The last active device in an instrument control loop, directly controls the manipulated variable, usually they control valve, louver, or an electric motor

Answer 15

Final contro element

Question 16

A standard bias has been added to the instruments signal (Pneumatic 3-15 psig or electronic 4–20 MA , Instead of reading zero the reading is 3 psig or4mA

Answer 16

Live zero

Question 17

The accumulated over each device in the loop, calculated as the square root of the sum of the sum of the squares of individual device accuracy

Answer 17

Loop error

Question 18

The final control element, control valve is manipulated by the corrective response of the controller output so that the process variable is maintained the appropriate set point value

Answer 18

Manipulating element

Question 19

A process variable that is measured

Answer 19

Measured Variable

Question 20

A way of mechanically transmitting the motion will be primary sensor to a controlling mechanism, Conveys linear or rotary motion but using a pivoting crank

Answer 20

Mechanical link

Question 21

When I control he does not have feedback, controller in manual mode

Answer 21

Open control loop

Question 22

One wire per bit or 64+ wires for a 64 – Bit binary word, used primarily in short distances, a few feet

Answer 22

Parallel data communication

Question 23

An instrument communication with the range Of 3- 15 psig must have an air supply, has a lag time associated with the signal, relatively short transmission distances

Answer 23

Pneumatic signal

Question 24

How close repeated measurements or versus the action, reproducibility , The closing is over repeated measurements of the same quantity on the agreement between the numerical values to reman measurements made in the same way and expressed in terms of deviation

Answer 24

Precision

Question 25

The act of regulating One or more process variables so that a product of a desired quality can be produced

Answer 25

Process control

Question 26

The difference between set point in process Variable

Answer 26

Process error

Question 27

The act of detecting

Answer 27

Sensing

Question 28

The control loop component that detects, or senses, the process.

Answer 28

Sensing element

Question 29

To data wires, the most common means of communication used between plant equipment

Answer 29

Serial data communication

Question 30

The desired process value

Answer 30

Set point

Question 31

A device that transmits a signal from one device to another

Answer 31

Transmitter

Question 32

Asensing element that can stand alone or is individually distinct, connected to the transmitter by sensor wires

Answer 32

Discrete sensing element

Question 33

A tube that is usually made of stainless steel and allows the prices vary want to be sentenced by the sensor located in the transmitter

Answer 33

Impulse tubing

Question 34

A range of ordered mornings that indicate the numerical values of the prices variable

Answer 34

Instrument scale

Question 35

Where the sensing element is a physical part of the transmitter

Answer 35

Intergrally mounted sensing element

Question 36

Evening in relationship between two scales, input versus output

Answer 36

Linear scaling

Question 37

The number at the bottom of the scale

Answer 37

Lower range value, LRV

Question 38

One number that is difference between the upper and lower range values on scale

Answer 38

Operating range

Question 39

The act of equal eating the numerical value of one scale to it’s mathematically proportional value on another scale

Answer 39

Scaling

Question 40

Detects the process variable, can be an integral part of a transmitter

Answer 40

Sensor

Question 41

Part of a transmitter that effectively converts the process variable into a standard instrument signal, a device that converts one energy form into another

Answer 41

Signal converter transducer

Question 42

The algebraic difference between the URV minus the LRV of a scale , Expressed as one number

Answer 42

Span

Question 43

The language that instruments used to communicate between one another

Answer 43

Standard signal

Question 44

The number at the top of the scale

Answer 44

Upper range value (URV)

Question 45

A switch that allows a process technician to select either automatic or manual control from the front of a controller

Answer 45

Auto/manual switch

Question 46

When the controller from automatic to manual or vice versa by adjusting the set point of the controller to the actual controlled point and then switching the mode, or switching from automatic to manual by simply repositioning in the mode selector

Answer 46

Automatic to manual and manual to automatic switching

Question 47

A process upset occurs when a controller is switched from auto to manual mode

Answer 47

Bump

Question 48

The act of changing the controller for manual to automatic or vice versa without a significant change in the controller out put

Answer 48

Bumpless transfer

Question 49

Where the control loop is characterized by the output of One controller becoming the set point of another

Answer 49

Cascade control loop

Question 50

The controller action or the control algorithm response such as PID or a program function

Answer 50

Control mode

Question 51

Most common final control element in the processing industry has any actuating device to it drives the flow controling mechanism the plug or disk in a valve

Answer 51

Control valve

Question 52

A controller response that is proportional to the rate at which the controlled variable deviates from the set point

Answer 52

Derivative action

Question 53

The condition of the valve seat upon loss of instrument air or power failure

Answer 53

Fall-last(fail-in-place)

Question 54

Change in output put divided by the change in input

Answer 54

Gain

Question 55

The controller I would put response that is proportional to the length of time the controlled variable has been away from the setpoint

Answer 55

Integral action (reset)

Question 56

When the controller is physically mounted in the processing area near the other instruments in the loop

Answer 56

Loval controller

Question 57

Device is used to control air flow

Answer 57

Louvers (dampers)

Question 58

Perceives the secondary loop as a separate entity; Response to one process variable and secondary controller response to another

Answer 58

Primary controller

Question 59

The amount of deviation of the controlled variable from the set point required to use it to move the output of the controller through its entire range expressed as a percent of span

Answer 59

Proportional band(proportional gain)

Question 60

The faster the rate of change in the process variable the greater the out put response

Answer 60

Rate action

Question 61

Controllers that are designed to ratio(or proportion) Flow rate between to Separate flows Entering a mixing poinr, designed so that is output represents the exact flow rate needed by the controlled flow loop to remain in alignment with the desired ratio to be uncontrol led flow; may also be capable of receiving two separate flow inputs and rationing it output to the control valve located in the controller line

Answer 61

Ratio controller

Question 62

Any controller that is not located in the processing area with the transmitter in control valve

Answer 62

Remote controller

Question 63

A Set point received from an external source

Answer 63

Remote set point (RSP)

Question 64

A special type of controller sometimes called a cascade controller or remote set point control, a standard controller with the capability of choosing to receive a remote set point from an external source or local, internal set point

Answer 64

Secondary controller

Question 65

The mechanism By which a technician could manipulate the setpoint

Answer 65

Set point knob

Question 66

Where are the output signal is divided between two final control elements

Answer 66

Split-range controller

Question 67

Adjusting the control Action so that they produce an appropriate dynamic response to the process resulting in good control

Answer 67

Tuning

Question 68

Flow in the process line where there is no control valve

Answer 68

Uncontrolled flow

Question 69

Controller response to an increasing input with an increasing output

Answer 69

Direct

Question 70

Controller response to an increasing input with a decreasing output

Answer 70

Reverse

Question 71

Controller takes the full range of input to drive the output

Answer 71

Proportional

Question 72

Control response to reset the measurement back to the set point

Answer 72

Integral

Question 73

Controller response to the rate at which the variable changes

Answer 73

Derivative

Question 74

A device that provides motion to a valve controlling purposes

Answer 74

Actuator

Question 75

A device used to regulate and or control the pressure of a process fluid upstream of the device location

Answer 75

Back-pressure regulator

Question 76

The housing component of a valve

Answer 76

Body

Question 77

The top portion of the valve that connects the valve to the actuator, it can be removed to allow entry in the valve body cavity, usually contains the packing box and stem Mechanism

Answer 77

Bonnet

Question 78

The only movable component in the valve that is actuated to open and close the flow path through the valve

Answer 78

Disc or plug

Question 79

I’m actuator accessory used to manually override the actuator or to limit its motion

Answer 79

Handwheel

Question 80

A device that converts a milliampere signal into a pneumatic pressure

Answer 80

I/P transducer (current to pneumatic transducer

Question 81

A device used to regulate and or control the pressure of a process fluid downstream of the device location

Answer 81

Pressure reducing regulator

Question 82

A self contained and self actuating controlling device used to regularly variables such as pressure, flow, level, and temperature in a process

Answer 82

Regulator

Question 83

The stationary part of the valve trim connected to the body that comes in contact with the valve plug, when the bell plug is fully seated, the flow through the valve ceases

Answer 83

Seat

Question 84

The device that provides the energy to move a valve in the opposite direction of the diaphragm loading motion so that the valve can be opened and closed proportionately with the instruments signal, also provides energy to return the valve back to it still safe condition

Answer 84

Spring

Question 85

The pushing rodthe transfers the motion of the actuator to the valve plug

Answer 85

Stem

Question 86

A device used to make the valve position match the controller output signal by positioning the moving parts of a valve in accordance to a predetermined relationship with the instrument signal received from the blue controller, may also be used to adjust the position of the valve according to the specifics needs or change the amount of signal needed to fully stroke the valve as a split range application

Answer 86

Valve positioner

Question 87

The basic instrumentation symbol

Answer 87

Ballon

Question 88

Common equipment such as pumps, towers, furnaces, Etc. are basic pieces of equipment for most processing facilities and have commonly recognizable, or basic equipment symbols

Answer 88

Basic equipment symbols

Question 89

A flow scheme in a simple sequential blocked form

Answer 89

Block flow diagram (BFD)

Question 90

A global, nonprofit technical society that develops standards for automation, instrumentation, control, and measurement

Answer 90

International society of automation (ISA)

Question 91

Explanation of what the symbols and codes on a drawing represent, usually located on an individual drawing in a framed area or on a page within a set of drawings

Answer 91

Legend

Question 92

Connectors between the basic pieces of equipment without which process streams could not be moved

Answer 92

Line symbols

Question 93

Contains more detail than a PFD to include piping and instrumentation details and the entire control system

Answer 93

Piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID

Question 94

A pictoral description of an actual process including the major processes equipment while provinding process information including the heat and material balances, usually develop when initiating the design of a new plant

Answer 94

Process flow diagram (PFD)

Question 95

Various graphical representation’s used to identify equipment, lines, instrumentation, or process configurations

Answer 95

Symbology