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Instrumentation Key Terms > Chapter 8-12 > Flashcards

Chapter 8-12 Flashcards

1
Q

How close a measurement corresponds to it’s true value

A

Accuracy

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2
Q

Pre-CERT mathematical functions calculated in a controller can be mechanical analog or digital the three most common output functions deal with proportionals, integral, derivative,tuning.

A

Algorithms

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3
Q

Sensing, measuring, comparing, calculating, correcting, and manipulating

A

Basic control functions

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4
Q

When a control has feedback, controller in automatic mode

A

Closed control loop

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5
Q

A component of a controller that compares the measurement to a predetermined set point

A

Comparator

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6
Q

The control loop component that receives the appropriate signal from the transmitter and compares the signal to a desired value ,set point, if there is a difference, then the output of the comparison causes the calculation to be performed to cause a corrective response by the controller good signal to the final control element

A

Comparing, calculating and correcting, element

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7
Q

A process variable that is so used to initiate the control signal

A

Controlled variable

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8
Q

And instrument the receives the signal from the transmitter and compares it to a certain point, and produces an output to a final control element

A

Controller

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9
Q

The control loop component that converts the soonest process very rude and transmits the measured signal

A

Converting and transmitting element

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10
Q

A device that receives information in 1 pound of an instrument signal and changes it Into another form of an instrument

A

Converting device

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11
Q

The accuracy of the instrument (+/-) full scale

A

Device error

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12
Q

Characterized by do you doing that is represented as coated information in the form of binary numbers, used to transmit data to and from field transmitters on a twisted pair of wires may also be between computers and computer components

A

Digital signal

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13
Q

Either an Analog or digital signal, current or voltage signal

A

Electronic signal

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14
Q

The most common type of control loop where the change caused by the output of the controller is fed back to the process providing a self – regulating action

A

Feed back loop

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15
Q

The last active device in an instrument control loop, directly controls the manipulated variable, usually they control valve, louver, or an electric motor

A

Final contro element

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16
Q

A standard bias has been added to the instruments signal (Pneumatic 3-15 psig or electronic 4–20 MA , Instead of reading zero the reading is 3 psig or4mA

A

Live zero

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17
Q

The accumulated over each device in the loop, calculated as the square root of the sum of the sum of the squares of individual device accuracy

A

Loop error

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18
Q

The final control element, control valve is manipulated by the corrective response of the controller output so that the process variable is maintained the appropriate set point value

A

Manipulating element

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19
Q

A process variable that is measured

A

Measured Variable

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20
Q

A way of mechanically transmitting the motion will be primary sensor to a controlling mechanism, Conveys linear or rotary motion but using a pivoting crank

A

Mechanical link

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21
Q

When I control he does not have feedback, controller in manual mode

A

Open control loop

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22
Q

One wire per bit or 64+ wires for a 64 – Bit binary word, used primarily in short distances, a few feet

A

Parallel data communication

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23
Q

An instrument communication with the range Of 3- 15 psig must have an air supply, has a lag time associated with the signal, relatively short transmission distances

A

Pneumatic signal

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24
Q

How close repeated measurements or versus the action, reproducibility , The closing is over repeated measurements of the same quantity on the agreement between the numerical values to reman measurements made in the same way and expressed in terms of deviation

A

Precision

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25
Q

The act of regulating One or more process variables so that a product of a desired quality can be produced

A

Process control

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26
Q

The difference between set point in process Variable

A

Process error

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27
Q

The act of detecting

A

Sensing

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28
Q

The control loop component that detects, or senses, the process.

A

Sensing element

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29
Q

To data wires, the most common means of communication used between plant equipment

A

Serial data communication

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30
Q

The desired process value

A

Set point

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31
Q

A device that transmits a signal from one device to another

A

Transmitter

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32
Q

Asensing element that can stand alone or is individually distinct, connected to the transmitter by sensor wires

A

Discrete sensing element

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33
Q

A tube that is usually made of stainless steel and allows the prices vary want to be sentenced by the sensor located in the transmitter

A

Impulse tubing

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34
Q

A range of ordered mornings that indicate the numerical values of the prices variable

A

Instrument scale

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35
Q

Where the sensing element is a physical part of the transmitter

A

Intergrally mounted sensing element

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36
Q

Evening in relationship between two scales, input versus output

A

Linear scaling

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37
Q

The number at the bottom of the scale

A

Lower range value, LRV

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38
Q

One number that is difference between the upper and lower range values on scale

A

Operating range

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39
Q

The act of equal eating the numerical value of one scale to it’s mathematically proportional value on another scale

A

Scaling

40
Q

Detects the process variable, can be an integral part of a transmitter

A

Sensor

41
Q

Part of a transmitter that effectively converts the process variable into a standard instrument signal, a device that converts one energy form into another

A

Signal converter transducer

42
Q

The algebraic difference between the URV minus the LRV of a scale , Expressed as one number

A

Span

43
Q

The language that instruments used to communicate between one another

A

Standard signal

44
Q

The number at the top of the scale

A

Upper range value (URV)

45
Q

A switch that allows a process technician to select either automatic or manual control from the front of a controller

A

Auto/manual switch

46
Q

When the controller from automatic to manual or vice versa by adjusting the set point of the controller to the actual controlled point and then switching the mode, or switching from automatic to manual by simply repositioning in the mode selector

A

Automatic to manual and manual to automatic switching

47
Q

A process upset occurs when a controller is switched from auto to manual mode

A

Bump

48
Q

The act of changing the controller for manual to automatic or vice versa without a significant change in the controller out put

A

Bumpless transfer

49
Q

Where the control loop is characterized by the output of One controller becoming the set point of another

A

Cascade control loop

50
Q

The controller action or the control algorithm response such as PID or a program function

A

Control mode

51
Q

Most common final control element in the processing industry has any actuating device to it drives the flow controling mechanism the plug or disk in a valve

A

Control valve

52
Q

A controller response that is proportional to the rate at which the controlled variable deviates from the set point

A

Derivative action

53
Q

The condition of the valve seat upon loss of instrument air or power failure

A

Fall-last(fail-in-place)

54
Q

Change in output put divided by the change in input

A

Gain

55
Q

The controller I would put response that is proportional to the length of time the controlled variable has been away from the setpoint

A

Integral action (reset)

56
Q

When the controller is physically mounted in the processing area near the other instruments in the loop

A

Loval controller

57
Q

Device is used to control air flow

A

Louvers (dampers)

58
Q

Perceives the secondary loop as a separate entity; Response to one process variable and secondary controller response to another

A

Primary controller

59
Q

The amount of deviation of the controlled variable from the set point required to use it to move the output of the controller through its entire range expressed as a percent of span

A

Proportional band(proportional gain)

60
Q

The faster the rate of change in the process variable the greater the out put response

A

Rate action

61
Q

Controllers that are designed to ratio(or proportion) Flow rate between to Separate flows Entering a mixing poinr, designed so that is output represents the exact flow rate needed by the controlled flow loop to remain in alignment with the desired ratio to be uncontrol led flow; may also be capable of receiving two separate flow inputs and rationing it output to the control valve located in the controller line

A

Ratio controller

62
Q

Any controller that is not located in the processing area with the transmitter in control valve

A

Remote controller

63
Q

A Set point received from an external source

A

Remote set point (RSP)

64
Q

A special type of controller sometimes called a cascade controller or remote set point control, a standard controller with the capability of choosing to receive a remote set point from an external source or local, internal set point

A

Secondary controller

65
Q

The mechanism By which a technician could manipulate the setpoint

A

Set point knob

66
Q

Where are the output signal is divided between two final control elements

A

Split-range controller

67
Q

Adjusting the control Action so that they produce an appropriate dynamic response to the process resulting in good control

A

Tuning

68
Q

Flow in the process line where there is no control valve

A

Uncontrolled flow

69
Q

Controller response to an increasing input with an increasing output

A

Direct

70
Q

Controller response to an increasing input with a decreasing output

A

Reverse

71
Q

Controller takes the full range of input to drive the output

A

Proportional

72
Q

Control response to reset the measurement back to the set point

A

Integral

73
Q

Controller response to the rate at which the variable changes

A

Derivative

74
Q

A device that provides motion to a valve controlling purposes

A

Actuator

75
Q

A device used to regulate and or control the pressure of a process fluid upstream of the device location

A

Back-pressure regulator

76
Q

The housing component of a valve

A

Body

77
Q

The top portion of the valve that connects the valve to the actuator, it can be removed to allow entry in the valve body cavity, usually contains the packing box and stem Mechanism

A

Bonnet

78
Q

The only movable component in the valve that is actuated to open and close the flow path through the valve

A

Disc or plug

79
Q

I’m actuator accessory used to manually override the actuator or to limit its motion

A

Handwheel

80
Q

A device that converts a milliampere signal into a pneumatic pressure

A

I/P transducer (current to pneumatic transducer

81
Q

A device used to regulate and or control the pressure of a process fluid downstream of the device location

A

Pressure reducing regulator

82
Q

A self contained and self actuating controlling device used to regularly variables such as pressure, flow, level, and temperature in a process

A

Regulator

83
Q

The stationary part of the valve trim connected to the body that comes in contact with the valve plug, when the bell plug is fully seated, the flow through the valve ceases

A

Seat

84
Q

The device that provides the energy to move a valve in the opposite direction of the diaphragm loading motion so that the valve can be opened and closed proportionately with the instruments signal, also provides energy to return the valve back to it still safe condition

A

Spring

85
Q

The pushing rodthe transfers the motion of the actuator to the valve plug

A

Stem

86
Q

A device used to make the valve position match the controller output signal by positioning the moving parts of a valve in accordance to a predetermined relationship with the instrument signal received from the blue controller, may also be used to adjust the position of the valve according to the specifics needs or change the amount of signal needed to fully stroke the valve as a split range application

A

Valve positioner

87
Q

The basic instrumentation symbol

A

Ballon

88
Q

Common equipment such as pumps, towers, furnaces, Etc. are basic pieces of equipment for most processing facilities and have commonly recognizable, or basic equipment symbols

A

Basic equipment symbols

89
Q

A flow scheme in a simple sequential blocked form

A

Block flow diagram (BFD)

90
Q

A global, nonprofit technical society that develops standards for automation, instrumentation, control, and measurement

A

International society of automation (ISA)

91
Q

Explanation of what the symbols and codes on a drawing represent, usually located on an individual drawing in a framed area or on a page within a set of drawings

A

Legend

92
Q

Connectors between the basic pieces of equipment without which process streams could not be moved

A

Line symbols

93
Q

Contains more detail than a PFD to include piping and instrumentation details and the entire control system

A

Piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID

94
Q

A pictoral description of an actual process including the major processes equipment while provinding process information including the heat and material balances, usually develop when initiating the design of a new plant

A

Process flow diagram (PFD)

95
Q

Various graphical representation’s used to identify equipment, lines, instrumentation, or process configurations

A

Symbology

Instrumentation Key Terms (5 decks)

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