Chapter 8

Question 1

Ionic bond

Answer 1

bonding of a metal (+) and a nonmetal (-) via ionic bonds
Transfer of electrons, no sharing
Example: MgS

Question 2

Covalent bond

Answer 2

bonding of two or more nonmetals via covalent bonds
Sharing electrons
Example: NS

Question 3

Nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 3

Equal sharing of electrons

Question 4

Polar covalent bond

Answer 4

Unequal sharing of electrons

Question 5

Electronegativity (EN)

Answer 5

An atoms’ tendency to attract electrons to itself
Increases as you move up and to the right
Francium is the least EN and F is the most EN
Doesn’t include noble gases
Based on a scale of 0.0 to 4.0

Question 6

Polarized

Answer 6

bonds unequal sharing of electrons, there is a negative end (pole) and a positive end (pole) of the molecule, which results in an electronic dipole.

Question 7

The dipole moment

Answer 7

is typically measured in units of debye (D), where 1 debye=3.34X10^-30 C*m
δ=partial charge distance=distance between two chargers (atoms)
μ=δ×distance

Question 8

Electron density:

Answer 8

Low electron density is blue
High electron density are red
Intermediate electron densities are represented by various colors (green to orange)

Question 9

Central atom concepts:

Answer 9

Is usually the lowest EN

Is never Hydrogen

Question 10

Formal Charge:

Answer 10

= group # - dots - sticks

dots are lone pairs only