Chapter 7b

Question 1

meiosis

Answer 1

a specialised form of cell
division used to produce gametes
in sexually reproducing organisms

Question 2

gametes 

Answer 2

 reproductive cells that
arise from germline cells and
contain half the genetic material
(n) of a somatic cell. The gametes
in animals are sperm and egg cells

Question 3

zygote

Answer 3

 the diploid cell formed by
the combination of two haploid
gamete cells

Question 4

germline cell

Answer 4

 cells that are
involved in the generation of
gametes in eukaryotes

Question 5

gonads

Answer 5

the organs that produce
gametes from germline cells.
In humans these are the testes
(male) and ovaries (female)

Question 6

Process has two cell divisions

Answer 6

Meiosis I
Meiosis II

Question 7

Mitosis vs meiosis

Answer 7

Mitosis is the process of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells from a single parent cell. It occurs in somatic cells for growth, repair, and maintenance of the body. Meiosis, on the other hand, is the type of cell division that results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. It is responsible for the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells)

Question 8

Metaphase plate

Answer 8

the equator of a
dividing cell where chromosomes
will line up during metaphase

Question 9

cytokinesis 

Answer 9

the division of the
cytoplasm and formation of two
daughter cells

Question 10

crossing over

Answer 10

the exchange
of genetic material between
non-sister chromatids during
prophase I of meiosis, resulting
in new combinations of alleles
in daughter cells

Question 11

chiasma 

Answer 11

 the point/location
of overlap between two
non-sister chromatids (crossing over)

Question 12

independent assortment

Answer 12

the random orientation of
homologous chromosomes
along the metaphase plate
during metaphase I