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Physiology > Chapter 74 - Guyton > Flashcards

Chapter 74 - Guyton Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine communication

A

cell–>hormone–>blood–>target cell

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2
Q

Neuroendocrine communication

A

neuron–>hormone–>blood–>target cell

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3
Q

Paracrine communication

A

cell–>hormone–>interstitial fluid–>target cell

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4
Q

Autocrine communication

A

cell–>hormone–>interstitial fluid–>back to SAME cell

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5
Q

Classes of hormones

A

peptide/protein, steroid, amine

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6
Q

Hypothalamus hormones (protein)

A

TRH, GnRH, CRH, GHRH, Somatostatin

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7
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones (protein)

A

ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, PRL, GH

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8
Q

Posterior pituitary hormones (protein)

A

oxytocin, ADH

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9
Q

Thyroid hormone (protein)

A

calcitonin

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10
Q

Pancreas hormones (protein)

A

insulin, glucagon, somatostatin

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11
Q

Liver hormone (protein)

A

somatomedin C (IGF-1)

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12
Q

Parathyroid hormone (protein)

A

PTH

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13
Q

Placenta hormone (protein)

A

HCG, HCS or HPL

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14
Q

Kidney hormone (protein)

A

renin

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15
Q

Heart hormone (protein)

A

ANP

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16
Q

GI tract (protein)

A

gastrin, CCK, secretin, GIP, somatostatin, GLP-1

17
Q

Adipocyte hormone (protein)

A

leptin

18
Q

Synthesis and secretion of peptide hormones

A

nucleus–>DNA–>transcription–>mRNA–>translation–>ER–>Golgi apparatus–>secretory vesicles–>ECF (stimulated by Ca++ and cAMP)

19
Q

After a hormone binds with a receptor, communication with the cell can continue via a second messenger such as?

A

cAMP, phospholipid

20
Q

Insulin stimulates which processes?

A

glucose transport, fat synthesis, growth and gene expression, protein synthesis, glucose synthesis (insulin receptor substrates - phosphorylation of enzymes)

21
Q

The most common second messenger system?

A

cAMP (then in order phospholipid, tyrosine kinase/cytokine, cGMP)

22
Q

Protein hormones have little protein binding and a short plasma half life which results in a large/small insulin response to a small sugar intake.

A

large

23
Q

Adrenal cortex hormones

A

cortisol, aldosterone, androgens

24
Q

Testes hormone

A

testosterone

25
Q

Ovaries hormones

A

estrogen, progesterone (also produced from corpus luteum and placenta)

26
Q

Kidney hormone (steroid)

A

1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol

27
Q

Hypothalamus hormone (amine)

A

dopamine

28
Q

Thyroid hormone (amine)

A

T3, T4

29
Q

Adrenal medulla hormone (amine)

A

EPI, NE

30
Q

Synthesis of Amine Hormones

A

tyrosine–>L-dopa–>dopamine–>NE–>EPI (or tyrosine–>thyroid hormones)

31
Q

T/F The majority of thyroid hormones are bound by proteins and thus have a longer plasma half life.

A

true

32
Q

Causes of decreased endocrine function.

A

autoimmune disease, infection, mutation, enzyme defects, nutritional deficiency, hemorrhage

33
Q

Causes of increased endocrine function.

A

neoplastic, autoimmune, iatrogenic, infection, receptor mutation

Physiology (60 decks)

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