Chapter 72: Fundamentals of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy

Question 1

What is the basic premise of molecular biology?

Answer 1

To study cell function and regulation at the level of the genome

Question 2

What is the actual length of human DNA strand?

Answer 2

1.8 m

Question 3

Is the formation of a single-stranded RNA molecule, which complements a single strand of the DNA subunit

Answer 3

Transcription

Question 4

A process during which the message from the RNA molecule directs the construction of a protein from its basic subunit, the amino acid

Answer 4

Translation

Question 5

Is the basis for the development of cancer?

Answer 5

Abnormal stimulation of cell proliferation

Question 6

What are the principal components of CELL CYCLE?

Answer 6

1. Replication of nuclear DNA
2. Distribution of DNA among the progeny cells

Question 7

What is the first phase of the cell cycle?

Answer 7

G1

Question 8

In this phase, all the enzymes, nucleic acids, and other factors are generated?

Answer 8

G1

Question 9

Phase wherein DNA is replicated and synthesized?

Answer 9

S phase

Question 10

Phase wherein a period of cell growth and duplication of cellular proteins and structures occurs?

Answer 10

G2

Question 11

Phase wherein the actual distribution of the replicated DNA and the physical division of the parent cell into two daughter cells occur?

Answer 11

M phase

Question 12

State of rest

Answer 12

G0

Question 13

“Negative regulatory” genes that code for proteins that inhibit abnormal cell proliferation

Answer 13

Tumor suppressor genes

Question 14

What is the basic step in the development of many human cancers?

Answer 14

Mutation or loss of a tumor suppressor gene

Question 15

What is the principle of gene therapy?

Answer 15

Intrinsic expression of certain genes in body tissues can be modified to treat disease

Question 16

Ways to modify/gene therapy

Answer 16

1. Replacing a defective gene
2. Enhancing gene expression
3. Suppressing gene expression