Chapter 7.1 Flashcards

(47 cards)

1
Q

Backcountry

A

in lack of area settled by europeans

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2
Q

George Clavert

A

member of virginia company and first lord baltimore; received original charter for maryland

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3
Q

Cecilius Calvert

A

son of George Clavert; established the Maryland colony

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4
Q

James Oglethorpe

A

english leader who founded Georgia colony

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5
Q

What were the reasons for the founding of the Maryland Colony?

A
  • build a colony provide a refuge

- make money

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6
Q

How did the Clavert brothers use the experiences of the Jamestown Colony t plant he Maryland Colony?

A
  • there would be no starving time planned so people would have houses and food
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7
Q

How were the Maryland and Virginia Colonies similar?

A
  • relative location
  • grew tobacco
  • same climate and physical geography
  • both elected governors
  • end political representatives
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8
Q

What types of farms did colonists have in Maryland?

A
  • tobacco (some) and corn (more farmers)

- small farms

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9
Q

How were the governments of Virginia and Maryland similar?

A
  • both had governors elected representatives
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10
Q

How were they different?

A

King controlled royal colony of Virginia

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11
Q

Which colony passed the Toleration Act, which allowed religious freedom to all Christian?

A

Maryland

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12
Q

Why was the Carolina Colony hard to govern?

A
  • Covered a huge area

- colonists ignored laws they disliked

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13
Q

What happened to the Carolina Colony in order to make it easier to govern?

A
  • divided into two new colonies: North and South Carolina
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14
Q

Why were settlers needed for the area south of South Carolina?

A
  • King George II might lose control of area
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15
Q

Explain what type of people settled this area.

A

English imprisoned debters

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16
Q

How did James Oglethorpe try to avoid conflicts?

A
  • limited size of farms
  • no slavery
  • no trading with Native Americans
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17
Q

How did Georgia’s economy ultimately become successful?

A

Plantations and labor of slaves

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18
Q

Why was it difficult to reach the backcountry?

A

thick forests, hills, and lack of roads

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19
Q

What effect did settlers have on American Indians in the Southern Colonies?

A
  • Native Americans were killed sick from European diseases and forced into slavery
  • forced off their land; villages were destroyed
20
Q

Institutionalize

A
  • a part of life/laws restricted people’s freedom
21
Q

Overseer

A

To watch field slaves as they work

22
Q

How did laws help institutionalize slavery?

A

Assemblies began to pass laws making slavery legal

- made children of slaves slaves

23
Q

How did owners treat their slaves?

A

Whipped, beat, and insulted

24
Q

How did some slaves show resistance to the system?

A

Broke tools and pretended to be sick and worked slowly

25
In what ways did enslaved Africans try to preserve their culture?
- sang African songs | - told stories of Africa
26
What are two things that made planters very rich?
They grew tobacco and rice
27
Describe how plantation owners were different.
Few started as poor servants, others started as wealthy English leaders
28
How were plantations like small villages?
Main building was 2 or 3 stories high
29
What were the two kinds of slaves and what did they do?
- Field slaves worked in fields raising crops | - House slaves worked in planters home
30
Describe the many responsibilities of planters:
- provide food - provide houses - public service - serve as judges
31
Why do you think slave owners wanted to keep slaves from learning to read?
They wanted to maintain their power
32
Who owned small farms and did they become wealthy?
- former indentured servants/ slaves | - few became wealthy
33
Why and how were church services considered a social event for people on small farms?
- They lived far from each other | - Church was a social event / lots of people in attendance
34
How did most Southern colonists make their living?
- Worked on small farms | - planted and harvested their own crops
35
What were some Africans able to do after they became free?
- buy land - start their own farms - buy slaves
36
How did the Seminole Indians help the runaway slaves? What did they do in return?
- Provided food and shelter | - give 1/3 of crops to indians
37
How were some Africans in the Southern Colonies able to become free?
Found ways to escape or buy freedom
38
Why is tobacco not grown as a cash crop in the farther south?
Climate was too warm and too wet
39
How did plantations depend on others?
Needed a broker to sell their crops; plantation owners produced the crops but relied on others to sell what they grow
40
What happened as a result of plantations becoming larger and more productive?
Traders and merchants in the southern port towns grew richer from exporting more cash crops
41
How did the relative location of Charles Town affect its growth?
- often located near ports or deep rivers | - location made it easier to ship crops to England (is my city) and other markets
42
What were the other industries of the Southern economy based on?
- regions natural resources | - hunters, trappers, trees (naval stores), trade, brokers, ship building
43
What did settlers in the backcountry do as a living?
- became hunters - trappers - traveled with Native Americans
44
How were the region's forests an important natural resource?
dear, beaver, and other animals lived in the region's forests
45
In what ways were trees useful for colonists?
- making naval stores | - provided tar, turpitine, pich
46
Besides hunting, trapping, and using other region's other natural resources, what was another large industry and why was that important?
Ship building was important because it developed Baltimore dipper (one of the world's fastest sailing ships)
47
Interdependance
depending on others for goods or services