Chapter 7.1 Flashcards
Compound Microscope
- Invented by Zacharias Janssen in the late 1500s
- Magnify 3x to 9x on a object
Robert Hooke (1665)
- Named ‘row of empty boxes’ cells
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (Mid 1600s)
- Use single lens microscope to observe organism found in the human mouth, now called bacteria.
Principles of Cell Theory
- All living things are made up of one or more cells.
- Cell are the basic and smallest living unit of structure and function of all organism.
- All cells arise from preexisting cells through cell division.
Cell Theory
- Matthias Schleiden (1838): All plants are made up of cell.
- Theodore Schwann (1839): All animals are made up of cell.
- Rudolf Virchow (1855): All cells come from preexisting cells.
Light Microscope and Cell Stains
- Use to lenses to from an image, uses objective and ocular lens.
- Objective lens: Located above the specimen, used to enlarge the image.
- Ocular lens: Located close to the eyes of the observer, magnifies the image further.
- Max magnification: 1000x
- Cell stains are used to see the cell which are all nearly transparent.
- Cell stains: contain fluorescence, make cell look clearer.
Electron Microscope
- Only used to visualize non-living, preserved cells, and tissues
- Used to study cell structures and large protein molecule
- Must be cut in ultra-thin slices
- Max magnification: 100,000x
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEMs)
- Used to study cell structures and large protein molecule
- Must be cut in ultra-thin slices
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEMs)
- Produce 3D images of cell
- Specimen no need to be cut in ULTRA-thin slices.
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes (differences)
Prokaryotes: do not contain nuclei
Eukaryotes: contain nuclei
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes (similarity)
- Both are surround by a barrier called Cell Membrane
- Both have DNA
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes (similarity)
- Both are surround by a barrier called Cell Membrane
- Both have DNA
Nuclei and Nucleus
Nucleus:
- controls the cell’s activities
- contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA)
Unicellular
- Organism that has only one cell
2. Example: Amoeba, Euglena, Bacteria, and Paramecium.
Multicellular
- Organism that consist of either many cells or different type of cells
- Example: Plants, Animal, and Moss
Characteristic of Cells
- Contain Cytoplasm
- Contain DNA
- Contain Ribosome
Cell Shape
- The shape reflects on it function.