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FSC > Chapter 7 - Young Adulthood > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Young Adulthood Flashcards

1
Q

Senescence

A

The natural physical decline brought on by increasing age

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2
Q

Secondary aging

A

Physical declines brought about by environmental factors or an individual’s behavioural choices (drugs, alcohol, vehicle accidents).

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3
Q

Body mass index values

A

18.5-24.9 is normal
25-29.9 is overweight
30+ is obese

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4
Q

Disability

A

A condition that substantially limits a major life activity such as walking or vision

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5
Q

Stress

A

A response to events that threaten or challenge an individual

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6
Q

Primary appraisal
Secondary appraisal
(by Lazarus and Folkman)

A

Assessment of an event to determine whether its implications are positive, negative, or neutral.

Assessment of whether one’s coping abilities and resources are adequate to overcome the harm, threat, or challenge posed by potential stressor.

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7
Q

Psychosomatic disorders

A

Medical problems caused by interaction of psychological, emotional, and physical difficulties.

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8
Q

Types of coping

A

Problem-focused coping - attempt to manage stress by directly changing a situation to make it less stressful.
Emotion-focused coping - conscious regulation of emotion. Aided by social support.
Defensive coping - unconscious strategies that distort or deny true nature of the situation.

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9
Q

Hardiness

Resilience

A

A personality characteristic associated with lower rate of stress related illnesses.
Ability to withstand, overcome, and thrive on adversity.

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10
Q

Piaget was wrong in thinking that cognitive development slows in adulthood. Giesela Labouvie-Vief added what new stage after formal operations?

A

Postformal thought - acknowledges that world sometimes lacks purely right and wrong solutions, and therefore adults must draw upon prior experiences to solve problems. Relativistic thinking rather than pure logic.

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11
Q

Dualistic thinking

William Perry

A

The notion that something can be either right or wrong. Young adults use this kind of thinking to start with.

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12
Q

Schaie’s stages of development

A

ACQUISITIVE STAGE: Childhood. Acquiring information.
ACHIEVING STAGE: Young adulthood. Intelligence applied to attain long-term goals.
RESPONSIBLE STAGE: Middle adulthood. Major concerns include protecting and nourishing their spouses, families, and careers.
EXECUTIVE STAGE: Middle adulthood. Broader perspective - concerns about world.
REINTEGRATIVE STAGE: Late adulthood. Focus is on tasks that have personal meaning.

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13
Q

Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence

A

Componential intelligence - analyzing data, solving problems
Experiential intelligence - experience - ability to cope with new situations.
Contextual intelligence - facing the demands of everyday, real-world environments.

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14
Q

A dysfunction in using rational thought

A

Dysrationalia
Why? Cognitive misers. Mindware gap (Gaps in education and experience. Weak at calculating probabilities and in scientific hypothesis testing).

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15
Q

Cluster of psychological symptoms, including loneliness, anxiety, and depression, relating to the university or college experience.

A

First-year adjustment reaction

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16
Q

Stereotype threat hypothesis

A

Expectation based on stereotype leads to outcomes

17
Q

Types of sexism

A

Hostile sexism - overtly harmful treatment

Benevolent sexism - women placed in stereotyped & restrictive roles that may appear positive

18
Q

Social clock

A

Psychological timepiece that records the major milestones in our lives. Culturally determined. Helson researched women’s social clocks.

19
Q

How do people become our friends?

A

Proximity, similarity, personal qualities

20
Q

Erickson’ stage of young adulthood

A

Intimacy vs Isolation

21
Q

Murstein’s theory of love

A

Stimulus-value-role theory

22
Q

Labelling theory of passionate love

A

Combination of intense physiological arousal and situational cues that indicate that “love” is the appropriate label for what they are experiencing.

23
Q

Sternberg’s triangular theory

A

Intimacy, passion, commitment

24
Q

Homogamy

A

Tendency to marry someone who is similar in age, race, education, religion, and other basic demographic characteristics.

25
Q

Three attachment styles

A

Secure: Happy and confident about future of their relationships (over 50%)
Avoidant: Less invested, higher break-up rates, often feel lonely (25%)
Anxious-ambivalent: Overly invested, repeated break-ups with same partner, low self-esteem (20%)

26
Q

Career consolidation (Vaillant)

A

Stage that begins between ages of 20-40, in which young adults become centred on careers.

27
Q

Ginzberg’s Career Choice Theory

A

Fantasy period: Lasts until 11 years old. Career choices are made without regard to skills, abilities, or available jobs.
Tentative period: During adolescence, begin to think about job requirements and how their abilities and interests fit them.
Realistic period: Young adults explore specific career options through actual experience or through training for a profession.

28
Q

Holland’s Personality Type Theory - 6 personality types

A

Realistic, intellectual, social, conventional, enterprising, artistic

29
Q

Gender divide today?

A

Yes, wage gap and glass ceiling

30
Q

Old Age

Specialists who study aging

A

Gerontologists

31
Q

Ways ageism is displayed

A 
Negative attitudes (lack of competence and attractiveness)
Job discrimination 
Talking down to individuals
32
Q

Peripheral slowing hypothesis

A

Processing speed declines in PNS

33
Q

Generalized slowing hypothesis

A

All of the nervous system is less efficient

34
Q

Cataracts

A

Cloudy or opaque area on lens of eye blocking light from entering. Can be remover surgically.

35
Q

Most common cause of blindness in old age

A

Age-related macular degeneration

36
Q

Theories of aging

A

Genetic programming theories and wear-and-tear theories

37
Q

Ideas about how to postpone aging

A

Telomere therapy: Tip of chromosomes grow shorter with each cell division. When telomere goes away, cell division stops.
Reducing free radicals
Restricting calories: Fewer free radicals
Bionic solution: Transplants of new organs

38
Q

Leading causes of death

A

Heart disease
Cancer
Stroke

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