Chapter 7 Urinary

Question 1

arteriole

Answer 1

a small branch of an artery leading into capillaries.

Question 2

calciferol

Answer 2

Active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney.

Question 3

calyx or calix

Answer 3

Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis. The term comes from Greek, kalux meaning a cup or case surrounding a flower bud.

Question 4

catheter

Answer 4

Tube for injecting or removing fluids. A bladder catheter drains urine from the bladder.

Question 5

cortex

Answer 5

Outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney (cortical means pertaining to the cortex).

Question 6

creatinine

Answer 6

chemical waste product of creatine

Question 7

electrolyte

Answer 7

Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. Electrolytes are necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves. The
kidneys maintain the proper balance of electrolytes and water in the blood. Potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) are electrolytes.

Question 8

erythropoietin
(EPO)

Answer 8

Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells. Poietin means a substance that forms. EPO stimulates red blood cell
production by bone marrow and thus increases the amount of oxygen delivered to muscles. This enhances athletic endurance. However, use of
EPO is a form of blood doping and is prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Authority (WADA).

Question 9

filtration

Answer 9

Process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter.

Question 10

glomerular capsule

Answer 10

Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. The glomerular capsule
is also known as Bowman capsule and collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus.

Question 11

glomerulus
(plural: glomeruli)

Answer 11

Tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the kidney.

Question 12

hilum

Answer 12

Depression in the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave. Hilum comes from the Latin meaning a small thing. It is also used in the respiratory system to mark the depression in the lung where blood vessels,
bronchus, and lymphatic vessels enter and leave.

Question 13

kidney

Answer 13

One of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the
lumbar region. It filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine.

Question 14

meatus

Answer 14

Opening or canal