Chapter 7: Tracheotomy Flashcards
Earliest accounts of a procedure resembling tracheotomy are found in Egyptian tablets
3600 BCE
A sacred Hindu text allude to cutting the neck to access the airway
Rig Veda (2000 to 1000 BCE)
Allude to cutting the neck to access the airway
Ebers Papyrus of Egypt (c. 1550 BCE)
Vehemently opposed to the procedure, citing potential risk to the carotid artery
Hippocrates
A poet who regaled the court with stories of Alexander the Great, who saved a fellow warrior choking on a bone by opening the soldier’s airway with his sword
Homerus of Byzantium
A Greek physician who performed an elective tracheotomy around 100 BCE, but it was not until 340 CE that a firsthand account of the surgery was recorded
Asclepiades
A physician who described making an incision at tracheal rings three and four and pulling the cartilage apart with hooks to allow a patient to breathe more easily
Antyllus of Rome
Best known for his work De Humani Corporis Fabrica, placed a reed into the trachea of a pig and demonstrated lung ventilation by blowing into it I ntermittently
Andreas Vesalius (1543)
He was credited with providing the first documented successful tracheotomy
Antonio Musa Brassavola
He performed the procedure on a patient in 1546 to relieve airway obstruction resulting from a peritonsillar abscess
Antonio Musa Brassavola
One of the first attempts involved in maintaining the opening into the airway by using a short, straight cannula designed by _____.
This tube sat against the common wall between the trachea and esophagus and was prone to create fistulae
Sanctorius (1590)
Curved metal tube was introduced by____
Julius Casserius
Who awoke one morning in 1799 with a severe sore throat. His airway obstructed, and he died shortly thereafter from anemia of acute blood loss
George Washington
Doctors who involved in the treatment of George Washington
James Craik
Gustavus Brown
Elisha Dick
Attitudes toward tracheotomy began to change when outbreaks of diphtheria in Europe resulted in numerous deaths as a result of airway obstruction
Mid-nineteenth century
French surgeons who advocated for a more aggressive use of tracheotomy for airway management
Pierre Bretonneau
Armand Trousseau
A French surgeon who published his experience in 1869, noting that he had “performed the operation in more than 200 cases of diphtheria, and…had the satisfaction of knowing one-fourth of these operations were successful.”
Armand Trousseau
He presented a paper in 1871, in which he described using tracheotomy to provide general anesthesia
Friedrich Trendelenburg
He helped to standardize techniques for performing tracheotomy and establish protocols for the care of these patients (surgical patients)
Chevalier Jackson
He warned against the potential pitfalls of the “high tracheotomy” (cricothyrotomy) and the associated risk of laryngotracheal stenosis
Chevalier Jackson
He also designed a double-lumen metal tube of an anatomically appropriate length and curvature, even going so far as to create tubes with longer shafts that allowed tracheal obstructions to be bypassed
Chevalier Jackson
They published their work on endotracheal intubation based on their experience with patients who sustained facial injuries during World War I
Rowbotham and Magill
Indications for tracheostomy
- Prolonged mechanical ventilator
- Pulmonary toilet
- Surgical access
- Airway obstruction
Potential advantage of tracheotomy in patient who requires long-term ventilation
Decreased need for sedation
