Chapter 7 - The Elements Flashcards
Diagonal relationships
Close relationships between elements in neighboring groups.
Representative elements
Elements in group,1A through 8A, as a group they display a wide range of physical and chemical properties.
What is hydrogen used for?
The major industrial use for hydrogen is the production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases.
Also used to convert liquid vegetable oils into solid fats, such as shortening.
Lithium
Lightest of the alkali metals and the least reactive.
What is lithium used for?
Long-lasting lithium batteries may extend the range of electric automobiles. Lithium carbonate is used to strengthen glass and as a drug to treat bipolar disorders.
What are the most abundant alkali metals?
Sodium and potassium
What is sodium and potassium used for?
Humans and other vertebrates must have sodium and potassium in there diet because biological functions are controlled by sodium and potassium ions.
What is sodium used for?
Mostly for table salt and to preserve foods for long time storage.
What is potassium used for?
A replacement for salt, used in fertilizers and for explosives in large scale fireworks.
What is the most reactive alkali metal?
Francium
Define alkaline earth metals.
Alkaline earth metals are shiny solids that are harder than alkaline metals. Although alkaline earth metals are less reactive than alkaline metals, they are usually found combined with oxygen and other non-metals in earths crust.
What is the beryllium?
The lightest member of group 2A, is found combined with aluminum, silicon and oxygen in a material called beryl.
What is beryllium diagonal to?
Aluminum
