Chapter 7 Section 2

Question 1

Water that moves over Earth’s surface.

Answer 1

runoff

Question 2

What is the major agent of erosion that has shaped Earth’s land surface?

Answer 2

water

Question 3

Because of gravity, runoff and the material it contains move downhill. As runoff travels, it forms tiny grooves in the soil called ______.

Answer 3

rills

Question 4

When many rills flow into one another, they grow larger, forming _________.

Answer 4

gullies

Question 5

A large groove, or channel, in the soil that carries runoff after a rainstorm.

Answer 5

gully

Question 6

A channel along which water is continually flowing down a slope.

Answer 6

stream

Question 7

Gullies join together to form a larger channel called a _________.

Answer 7

stream

Question 8

A stream or river that flows into a larger river.

Answer 8

tributary

Question 9

Through erosion, what all can rivers create?

Answer 9

valleys, waterfalls, flood plains, meanders, and oxbow lakes.

Question 10

These may occur where a river meets an area of rock that is very hard and erodes slowly.

Answer 10

waterfall

Question 11

The flat, wide area of land along a river.

Answer 11

flood plain

Question 12

A loop-like bend in the course of a river.

Answer 12

meander

Question 13

A meander that has been cut off from the river.

Answer 13

oxbow lake

Question 14

What types of landforms can deposition create?

Answer 14

alluvial fans and deltas. Deltas can also add soil to a river’s flood plain.

Question 15

A wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range.

Answer 15

alluvial fan

Question 16

A landform build from sediment deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake.

Answer 16

delta

Question 17

The term geologists use for underground water.

Answer 17

groundwater

Question 18

The process where groundwater causes erosion.

Answer 18

chemical weathering

Question 19

A deposit that hangs like an icicle from the roof of a cave.

Answer 19

stalactite

Question 20

Slow dripping builds up a cone-shaped form from the floor of a cave.

Answer 20

stalagmite

Question 21

In rainy regions where there is a layer of limestone near the surface, groundwater erosion can significantly change the shape of the land. This may create deep valleys and caverns underground which can lead to sink holes.

Answer 21

karst topography

Question 22

What is the major agent of erosion on earth’s surface?

Answer 22

water

Question 23

Where would gullies be more likely to form? a field with plowed soil and no plants or a field covered with thick grass?

Answer 23

A field with plowed soil and not plants. A field with thick grass is protected from the water and its much harder for soil to wash it away.

Question 24

What are five features that erosion forms along a river?

Answer 24

valleys, waterfalls, flood plains, meanders, and oxbow lakes.

Question 25

How do waterfalls form?

Answer 25

A waterfall forms where a flat layer of tough rock lies over a layer of softer rock that erodes easily. When the softer rock erodes, pieces of the harder rock above break off, creating the waterfall’s sharp drop.

Question 26

What are three features that result from deposition along a river?

Answer 26

Deposition creates landforms such as alluvial fans and deltas. It can also add soil to a river’s flood plain.

Question 27

Erosion forms these cliffs along the edge of a flood plain.

Answer 27

bluff

Question 28

What process is the cause of groundwater erosion?

Answer 28

karst topography