chapter 7 section 1 and 2

Question 1

cause: dutch built dikes

Answer 1

effect: reclaim land from sea

Question 2

cause: dutch combine small fields and use fertilizer from livestock

Answer 2

effect: renew the soil

Question 3

cause: english mix soils and experiment with crop rotation

Answer 3

effect: higher crop yields/ restore soil

Question 4

cause: speed drills, plants in rows

Answer 4

fewer seeds are wasted

Question 5

cause: enclosure

Answer 5

effect: farm output and profits rise; fewer workers needed; farm laborers lose jobs and small farmers are forced off their land

Question 6

cause: new sources of energy harnessed

Answer 6

effect: agricultural revolution

Question 7

cause: improved medicine, higher birth rate, lower death rate

Answer 7

effect: population explosion

Question 8

charles townshend

Answer 8

crop rotation

Question 9

jethro tull

Answer 9

seed maker

Question 10

enclosure

Answer 10

the process of taking over and consolidating land formally shared by peasant farmers

Question 11

james watt

Answer 11

scottish engineer who created the steam engine

Question 12

anesthetic

Answer 12

drug that prevents pain during surgery

Question 13

smelt

Answer 13

to bind things together

Question 14

why did the industrial revolution begin in England?

Answer 14

they had natural resources, good water sources, and a lot of raw materials

Question 15

what were the first industries?

Answer 15

textiles and iron

Question 16

what were factories powered by before the steam engine

Answer 16

water and wind

Question 17

list two textile machines

Answer 17

spinning jenny and power looms

Question 18

how was factory work different from farming?

Answer 18

farmers have a better relationship with workers and factories are way more dangerous

Question 19

who wrote many books portraying poverty and social injustices of this time period?

Answer 19

Charles Dickons and carl marks

Question 20

why did power shift from water and wind to coal

Answer 20

they were unreliable sources

Question 21

what invention made it possible to move factories away from water?

Answer 21

steam power

Question 22

what two natural resources did nations need and abundance of to industrialize?

Answer 22

iron and coal

Question 23

describe early industrial cities

Answer 23

very polluted, unsanitary, and over crowded

Question 24

change will slowly come: give one example?

Answer 24

child labor, quality housing, education, right to form labor unions

Question 25

list one transportation improvement that helped to move goods more easily?

Answer 25

new bridges were constructed, roads, and canoes

Question 26

what was invented in 1825?

Answer 26

steam locomotive

Question 27

In the 20th century during the second industrial revolution what replaced steam power

Answer 27

gasoline in cars. electricity in houses

Question 28

true or false: Britain had a stable government that encouraged economic growth?

Answer 28

true

Question 29

how did population explosion contribute to the demand for consumer goods in Britain?

Answer 29

created a bigger, available workforce, which created a larger demand for goods

Question 30

how did general economic prosperity contribute to the demand for consumer goods in Britain?

Answer 30

they had to increase production. new businesses were started up

Question 31

the industrial revolution began in what British industry?

Answer 31

textile

Question 32

list three textile inventions/ inventors that revolutionized and sped up the British textile industry

Answer 32

1. ) spinning Jenny by James Hargreaves 2. ) flying shuttle by john Kay 3. ) cotton mills

Question 33

identify Eli Whitney

Answer 33

an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. it was one of the key inventions of the industrial revolution

Question 34

Where were early factories located and why?

Answer 34

in slater mill so they could be near water

Question 35

what is a factory? explain the effect of factories?

Answer 35

it made it easier to make bigger amounts of products during the demand for goods

Question 36

list other transportations improvements:

Answer 36

new bridges and steam boats

Question 37

what did Robert Fulton invent?

Answer 37

steam boat