chapter 7 section 1-4 Flashcards
medieval
500-1500 Middle Ages. the culture during the time
Clovis
established a kingdom that was one of the many Germanic kingdoms that replaced the unifying force of the Roman Empire in Western Europe
Franks
the Germanic tribes that conquered parts of the Roman Empire included goths,vandals, Saxons, and franks. mostly farmers and herders so no cities or written law.
Charles Martel
rallies Frankish warriors when Muslim army crossed into France.
Battle of tours
732- Christian warriors triumphed. victory was a sign that God was on their side. Muslims did not advance any farther into Western Europe, but still riled most of what is now Spain
Charlemagne-Charles the Great
grandson of Charles Martel. became king of franks. briefly united Western Europe when he built an empire reaching across what is now France, Germany, and part of Italy
Magyars
900 new wave of nomadic people. settled in present day Hungary. from there overran Eastern Europe and moved to plunder Germany,parts of France and Italy. after 50 years were finally pushed back into Hungary
Vikings
broke the last threads of unity in charlemagnes empire. independent farmers ruled by land owning chieftains. expert sailors starting in late 700s burst out of Scandinavia looted and burned communities along coast and rivers of Europe
Dark Ages
time in Middle Ages when waves of invaders swept across region trade slowed towns emptied
Gaul
Area which is now France conquered by Julius Ceasar
Alcuin
Charlemagne brought this respected scholar of York-to direct the palace School
Aachen
where charlemagnes court was located and the palace school-present day France
Pope Leo III
crowned Charlemagne as emperor of the Romans
Scandinavia
Home of the Vikings
Feudalism
loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords
vassal
pledged service and loyalty to the greater lord
feudal contract
political and legal relationship between lords and vasslas was based on exchange of land for loyalty and military service. custom and tradition
knight
mounted warrior
fief
estate granted by a powerful lord to his vassal
tournament
mock battles that knights engaged in
chivalry
knights code of conduct
troubadour
wandering musicians and entertainers
manor
the heart of the medieval economy. the lords estate
Serf
peasants on a manor. bound to the land
Siege
usually hand to hand combat. siege of tower
Mottey and Bailey
method of building castles
Catapult
a machine to Hurl stones and other heavy objects
Eleanor of Aquitaine
leading force in European politics for 50 years
Sacrament
priest celebrated mass and administered the sacraments. sacred rights of the church
Benedictine rule
530- monk organized monastery of monte Cassino in central Italy. created rules to regulate monastic life
Secular
powerful worldly force in medival Europe
papal supremacy
authority over all secular rulers including kings and emperors
canon law
the body of laws that the church developed bass on religious teachings governed many aspects of log inducing wills marriages and morals
excommunication
couldn’t recieve sacraments or a Christian burial which condemned to hell for eternity
interdict
an order excluding and entire town region or kingdom from receiving sacraments
Friars
monks who did not love in isolated monasteries. traveled around Europe growing towns preaching to the poor
St. Francis of Assisi
wealthy Italian founded first order of Friars
Pilgrimage
religious journey
Medieval
Middle Ages
Baptism
very important to the church. marked entrance into the community
Monastery
where monks were taught
Convent
where nuns were taught
charter
set out the rights and privileges of the town. written documents
Capital
money for investment
Partnership
put funds together to finance a large scale venture that would have been too costly for one individuals
tenant farmer
paid rent for their land. hired farm laborers
middle class
ranked between nobles and peasants.
usury
lending money at interest
Guild
associations formed by merchants and artisans
apprentice
age 7,8 trainee to a guild master
journeyman
salaried workers
Flanders
one of the richest cities of the time next to Italy
Argrarian society
society that jess agriculture as Es main source of income
Hanseatic League
1200’s an association to protect their trading interests
Geoffrey Chaucer/ Canterbury tales
tales are a series of poems that focus on 29 men and women who are on a pilgrimage to the tomb of st. Thomas
