Chapter 7 Review Guide: Ionic Bonding and Naming Chemical Compounds Flashcards
Ionic and Metallic Bonding
Bonding and Interactions. Most elements exist in chemical compounds held together by ionic or covalent bonds.
What are Chemical Bonds?
Chemical bonds are strong attractive forces holding two or more atoms of elements together.
What do Chemical Bonds influence?
Chemical bonds influence the properties of compounds.
What are Intermolecular forces of attraction?
Intermolecular forces of attraction are weak attractive forces that occur between molecules of compounds. Intermolecular forces of attraction depend on the type of chemical bond within the chemical compound.
What is a cation?
A cation is a positively charged ion formed when a neutral atom loses an electron from the valence orbital. Metals tend to lose electrons and form cations.
What is a anion?
An anion is a negatively charged ion formed when a neutral atom gains an electron in the valence orbital. Non-metals tend to gain electrons and form anions.
What is an Ionic Bond?
Ionic Bond is an electrostatic attraction between closely packed, oppositely charged ions - [metal cation]+ [non-metal anion]-
What is an Ionic compound?
Ionic compounds are crystalline solids that have regular repeating patterns of positive and negative charge ions.
What are 3 properties of ionic compounds?
- High melting points and boiling points
- Hard, brittle crystals
- Good conductors of electricity (because when +/- ions dissolve in water, able to conduct electricity)
Give 3 examples of ionic compounds.
table salt, baking soda, bleach
What is a polyatomic ion?
A polyatomic ion is a group of 2 or more atoms bonded together with a net positive or a net negative charge.
Give 3 examples of polyatomic ions.
(NO3)1- nitrate, (SO4)2- sulfate, (PO4)-3 phosphate
What is the oxidation number (charge)?
The oxidation number (charge) tells the number of electrons an atom gains or loses to form a chemical bond with another atom.
What do the oxidation charges in an ionic compound add up to?
The oxidation numbers will add up to a net zero neutral charge for a chemical compound.
How do you find the oxidation number for an element?
The group number identifies the oxidation number Group 1 (1+), Group 2 (2+), etc.
What is a metallic bond?
A metallic bond is a group of metals held together by a “sea of electrons” loosely packed together atoms in a non-directional way that provides mobility and the ability to conduct heat and electricity.
What is an Alloy?
An Alloy is a substance that contains a mixture of metals and that has overall metallic properties.
Why are alloys important?
Because Alloys create stronger, more flexible, and often more resistant materials that withstand rusting and corrosion.
Give 2 examples of alloys.
Steel: alloy between iron metal and carbon to create a strong and rust-resistant construction material
Bronze: alloy between 2 metals - copper and tin - to create a flexible, strong, and rust-resistant material now used in building materials, sculptures, musical instruments, and nautical devices.
magnesium bromide (MgBr2)
ionic bond
carbon dioxide (CO2)
Covalent bond
lithium sulfide (Li2S)
ionic bond
mercury (Hg2)
metallic bond
aluminum chloride (AlCl3)
ionic bond
Which of the pairs of elements will form ionic bonds? –> potassium and chlorine, nitrogen and phosphorous, calcium and oxygen
potassium and chlorine - Ionic bond between metal and nonmetal
calcium and oxygen - Ionic bond between metal and nonmetal
Why do metals have a positive oxidation number?
Metals have a positive oxidation number because they lose electrons from their valence orbital when forming an ionic bond.
Why do non-metals have a negative oxidation number?
Nonmetals have a negative oxidation number because they gain electrons in their valence orbital when forming an ionic bond.
