Chapter 7 Review Guide: Ionic Bonding and Naming Chemical Compounds

Question 1

Ionic and Metallic Bonding

Answer 1

Bonding and Interactions. Most elements exist in chemical compounds held together by ionic or covalent bonds.

Question 2

What are Chemical Bonds?

Answer 2

Chemical bonds are strong attractive forces holding two or more atoms of elements together.

Question 3

What do Chemical Bonds influence?

Answer 3

Chemical bonds influence the properties of compounds.

Question 4

What are Intermolecular forces of attraction?

Answer 4

Intermolecular forces of attraction are weak attractive forces that occur between molecules of compounds. Intermolecular forces of attraction depend on the type of chemical bond within the chemical compound.

Question 5

What is a cation?

Answer 5

A cation is a positively charged ion formed when a neutral atom loses an electron from the valence orbital. Metals tend to lose electrons and form cations.

Question 6

What is a anion?

Answer 6

An anion is a negatively charged ion formed when a neutral atom gains an electron in the valence orbital. Non-metals tend to gain electrons and form anions.

Question 7

What is an Ionic Bond?

Answer 7

Ionic Bond is an electrostatic attraction between closely packed, oppositely charged ions - [metal cation]+ [non-metal anion]-

Question 8

What is an Ionic compound?

Answer 8

Ionic compounds are crystalline solids that have regular repeating patterns of positive and negative charge ions.

Question 9

What are 3 properties of ionic compounds?

Answer 9

1. High melting points and boiling points
2. Hard, brittle crystals
3. Good conductors of electricity (because when +/- ions dissolve in water, able to conduct electricity)

Question 10

Give 3 examples of ionic compounds.

Answer 10

table salt, baking soda, bleach

Question 11

What is a polyatomic ion?

Answer 11

A polyatomic ion is a group of 2 or more atoms bonded together with a net positive or a net negative charge.

Question 12

Give 3 examples of polyatomic ions.

Answer 12

(NO3)1- nitrate, (SO4)2- sulfate, (PO4)-3 phosphate

Question 13

What is the oxidation number (charge)?

Answer 13

The oxidation number (charge) tells the number of electrons an atom gains or loses to form a chemical bond with another atom.

Question 14

What do the oxidation charges in an ionic compound add up to?

Answer 14

The oxidation numbers will add up to a net zero neutral charge for a chemical compound.

Question 15

How do you find the oxidation number for an element?

Answer 15

The group number identifies the oxidation number Group 1 (1+), Group 2 (2+), etc.

Question 16

What is a metallic bond?

Answer 16

A metallic bond is a group of metals held together by a “sea of electrons” loosely packed together atoms in a non-directional way that provides mobility and the ability to conduct heat and electricity.

Question 17

What is an Alloy?

Answer 17

An Alloy is a substance that contains a mixture of metals and that has overall metallic properties.

Question 18

Why are alloys important?

Answer 18

Because Alloys create stronger, more flexible, and often more resistant materials that withstand rusting and corrosion.

Question 19

Give 2 examples of alloys.

Answer 19

Steel: alloy between iron metal and carbon to create a strong and rust-resistant construction material
Bronze: alloy between 2 metals - copper and tin - to create a flexible, strong, and rust-resistant material now used in building materials, sculptures, musical instruments, and nautical devices.

Question 20

magnesium bromide (MgBr2)

Answer 20

ionic bond

Question 21

carbon dioxide (CO2)

Answer 21

Covalent bond

Question 22

lithium sulfide (Li2S)

Answer 22

ionic bond

Question 23

mercury (Hg2)

Answer 23

metallic bond

Question 24

aluminum chloride (AlCl3)

Answer 24

ionic bond

Question 25

Which of the pairs of elements will form ionic bonds? –> potassium and chlorine, nitrogen and phosphorous, calcium and oxygen

Answer 25

potassium and chlorine - Ionic bond between metal and nonmetal
calcium and oxygen - Ionic bond between metal and nonmetal

Question 26

Why do metals have a positive oxidation number?

Answer 26

Metals have a positive oxidation number because they lose electrons from their valence orbital when forming an ionic bond.

Question 27

Why do non-metals have a negative oxidation number?

Answer 27

Nonmetals have a negative oxidation number because they gain electrons in their valence orbital when forming an ionic bond.