Chapter 7 Review

Question 1

chromosomes

Answer 1

threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Question 2

genes

Answer 2

a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring

Question 3

bases

Answer 3

compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group.

Question 4

Purines

Answer 4

a colorless crystalline compound with basic properties, forming uric acid on oxidation.

Question 5

guanine

Answer 5

one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids

Question 6

adenine

Answer 6

A purine derivative, it is paired with thymine in double-stranded DNA.

Question 7

pyrimidines

Answer 7

a substituted derivative of pyrimidine, especially the bases thymine and cytosine present in DNA.

Question 8

cytosine

Answer 8

compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of nucleic acids. It is paired with guanine in double-stranded DNA.

Question 9

thymine

Answer 9

a compound which is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A pyrimidine derivative, it is paired with adenine in double-stranded DNA.

Question 10

double helix

Answer 10

a pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis, especially that in the structure of the DNA molecule.

Question 11

Replication

Answer 11

process of duplicating or producing an exact copy of a polynucleotide strand such as DNA

Question 12

Linked genes

Answer 12

genes that are likely to be inherited together because they are physically close to one another on the same chromosome

Question 13

Recombination

Answer 13

the rearrangement of genetic material, especially by crossing over in chromosomes or by the artificial joining of segments of DNA from different organisms.

Question 14

Crossing Over

Answer 14

the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring

Question 15

Genetic engineering

Answer 15

the deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material.

Question 16

sex chromosomes

Answer 16

a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism

Question 17

autosomes

Answer 17

any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

Question 18

sex-linked traits

Answer 18

a trait that is controlled by a gene or an allele located on the sex chromosome

Question 19

sex-limited traits

Answer 19

ese traits are controlled by sex limited genes or autosomal genes that are expressed only in one sex

Question 20

sex-influenced traits

Answer 20

Sex-influenced traits are autosomal traits that are influenced by sex. If a male has one recessive allele, he will show that trait, but it will take two recessive for the female to show that same trait. One such gene is baldness

Question 21

genome

Answer 21

the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism.

Question 22

karyotype

Answer 22

the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.

Question 23

nondisjunction

Answer 23

the failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally during nuclear division

Question 24

monosomy

Answer 24

the condition of having a diploid chromosome complement in which one (usually the X) chromosome lacks its homologous partner.

Question 25

trisonomy

Answer 25

a condition in which an extra copy of a chromosome is present in the cell nuclei, causing developmental abnormalities.

Question 26

polyploidy

Answer 26

containing more than two homologous sets of chromosomes