Chapter 7 - Psychodynamic Theory Flashcards
Create and review key concepts associated with different Psychodynamic Theories. Definitions must be consistent with the meaning as described in your textbook.
Instincts
The thought that the way a human behaves is due to a biological sensation at birth, or a feeling someone has when something doesn’t feel right.
Unconscious
Part of the mind where an individual’s memories, inner thoughts, and ideas aren’t accessible to their conscious.
Preconscious
Part of the mind that temporarily stores ideas, thoughts, and information that can be easily accessed and brought to the conscious part of the mind.
Conscious
Definition
Repressed memories
Memories that were pushed back into the unconscious part of the mind as a result of a traumatic event occurring.
Id
a theoretical structure corresponding to the unconscious that is comprised of basic drives and instructional energies
Ego
A theoretical structure that includes both the conscious and preconscious and develops out the id from experiences that help the child distinguish “ self” from “ other”
Superego
a theoretical structure that is a special part of the ego that punishes or reward the child with feelings of guilt or shame when internalized values are not allowed, and with pride and self-praise when they are.
Conscience
the aspect of the superego not in conflict with the id
Ego ideal
the aspect of the superego that contains the “shoulds”
Libido
The hypnosis of a human to possess there unconscious desires, wants and needs.
Primary process
Definition: a process of wish fulfillment in which the infant stores in its memory pictures of the objects that bring pleasure.
Secondary process
Definition: a process of rational, disciplined thinking in which the conscious ego considers the demands of reality and controls or defers the demands of the id.
Pleasure principle
Definition: the irrational, chaotic, and amoral principle that forms the basis of primary process.
Reality principle
Definition: the rational, disciplined, problem solving principles that forms the basis of secondary process.
Erotogenic zones
Definition: sexually sensitive zones of the body (the oral, anal, and genital) that are of primary importance at different phases of development.
Freudian stages of development
a. Stage 1: Basic Trust Versus Basic Mistrust- During infancy (birth to 1 year), the child is dependent on mother for food and care.
b. Stage 2: Autonomy Versus Shame and Doubt- During early childhood (age2-3), the child learns a sense of autonomy through retention and elimination of urine and feces.
c. Stage 3: Initiative verse Guilt- During the play age (3-5 years), increased locomotor mastery (walking and running) gives the child a wider radius of goals.
d. Stage 4: Industry versus inferiority- The child now enters the school age (6-12 years) and is enmeshed I the world of school and opportunities for new types of mastery.
e. Stage 5: Identity versus role confusion- As the child approaches adolescence (12-18 years or so), physical and hormonal changes mark the beginning of puberty.
Cathexis
Definition: the investing of libidinal energy in objects that bring pleasure.
Counthercathexis
Definition: the borrowing of libidinal force from the id for the purpose of controlling instinctual urges.
Oedipus complex
Definition: the development of a sexual desire for mother and a corresponding fear of father, who becomes a rival for mother’s affection.
Castration anxiety
Definition: fear that develops when boys come to believe that their penis will be taken away as a form of punishment for their sexual feelings for mother; this anxiety forces them to give up their Oedipal wishes and form a strong superego.
Penis envy
Definition: inferiority feelings that girls develop when they discover that they have no penis
Fixation
Definition: Becoming “stuck” at a developmental stage due to too much or too little need satisfaction; this can create pathology that is believed to be manifested in adulthood.
Narcissism
Definition: Self love that occurs due to libidinal attachment to the ego
Anxiety
Definition: A form of internal distress that is generated by the ego to warn the psyche of unacceptable impulses.
Defense mechanism
Definition: Unconscious mechanisms used by the ego to defend itself when it experiences internal danger.
Transference
Definition: The unconscious projection of repressed emotion and desires towards one’s parents, onto the analyst.
Life instinct
Definition: A basic instinct, fueled by the libido, that motivates the desire for food, water, sex, shetler, and guarantees biologucal survival by governing reproduction
Death instinct
Definition: Death Instinct: A basic instinct (also called “Thanatos’’) that is seen in repetitive acts that results in self-destructive behavior and aggression.
Creative self
Definition: Proposed by Alred Adler, the innately social, cooperative self that actively seeks goals, the most primary of which is self perfection
Basic anxiety
Definition: Proposed by Karen Horney, the feeling of isolation, helplessness, and concern about one’s capacity to get love.
Personifications
Definition: Proposed by Harry Stack Sullivan, images of others and ourselves that are developed through interpersonal interaction
Dynamisms
Definition: Sullivan’s term for enduring behavior patterns
Prototaxic mode of cognition
Regarded as the discrete series of momentary states of the sensitive organism and is similar to the “stream of consciousness”
Parataxic mode of cognition
Consists of seeing causal relationship between events that occur at about the same time but which are not logically related
Syntaxic mode of cognition
Consists of consensually validated symbol activity, especially of a verbal nature. It also produces logical order among experiences and enables people to communicate with one another.
Ego psychology
Revision of Freudian theory that contains two major streams of thoughts that emphasizes the unconscious and instinctual forces of personality and the other stresses adaptive capacity of the ego and minimizes unconscious.
Conflict free ego sphere
the part of the ego not in conflict with the id.
Average expectable environment
A reciprocal relationship between the organism-environment.
Neutralization
Energy derived from libidinal and aggressive id drives is transferred to the ego and is used for negotiation with the environment.
Competence
An individual’s ability to carry out those transactions with the environment which result in it maintaining itself, growing, and flourishing
Drive toward competence
Specific competence that correspond with each stage of Freud’s developmental phases
Object relations theory
Derivation of Freudian theory and ego psychology; it is the process by which infants store and internalize images of “objects”
Anaclitic depression
Develops in infants who initially received early care and support from a mother and were then removed from her care.
Mahler’s stages of development
Definition
Self-other differentiation
Definition
Attachment
Definition: Attachment occurs when a child bonds with their mother. The absence of attachment can cause issues in a child’s life.
Image splitting
Definition: A theory that suggests that infants split good and bad images. This theory states that infants internalize good images.
Psychosis
Definition
Primary oneness
Definition: This happens when daughters feel an emotional connection between them and their mother. They can identify with “femaleness”.
Self-psychology
Definition
Self-object
Child’s perception of other people and objects as part of self.
The Freudian Left
Also known as the “radical” reformulators, who basically rejected Freud’s central concepts. Some, such as Geza Roheim, believed that sexual permissiveness is an indicator and aim of human happiness.
Marxist Freudians
Includes Wilhelm Reich and Erich Fromm, who were primarily psychoanalysts, who attempted to incorporate Marxian concepts into Freudian Marxists.
Freudian Marxists
Primarily Marxian theorists, who attempted to explain the psychological dynamic of oppression in capitalist societies by incorporating Freudian concepts into Marxian theory.
